Strophomenida

Strophomenida is an extinct order of articulate brachiopods which lived from the lower Ordovician period to the mid Carboniferous period. Strophomenida is part of the extinct class Strophomenata, and was the largest known order of brachiopods, encompassing over 400 genera. Some of the largest and heaviest known brachiopod species belong to this class. Strophomenids were among the most diverse and abundant brachiopods during the Ordovician, but their diversity was strongly impacted at the Late Ordovician mass extinction. Survivors rediversified into new morphologies in the Silurian, only to be impacted once again at the Late Devonian mass extinction.

Strophomenida

Wilson44691 · Public Domain · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
StrophomenataPBDB
Diet
suspension feederPBDB
Life habit
epifaunalPBDB
Motility
stationaryPBDB
Vision
blindPBDB, for Strophomenata
Environment
marinePBDB, for Lophophorata

Time the record covers

At least 271 million years on record.

The record covers at least 477.1 Mya to 205.7 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 488.9 Mya to 201.4 Mya.

Cambrian — about 0 of 12000 occurrencesOrdovician — about 6065 of 12000 occurrencesOrdovicianSilurian — about 2876 of 12000 occurrencesDevonian — about 2901 of 12000 occurrencesDevonianCarboniferous — about 142 of 12000 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 0 of 12000 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 0 of 12000 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 1 of 12000 occurrencesLate Triassic — about 15 of 12000 occurrencesLate TriassicEarly Jurassic — about 0 of 12000 occurrences495–485 Mya — about 1 occurrence485–475 Mya — about 24 occurrences475–465 Mya — about 187 occurrences465–455 Mya — about 1404 occurrences455–445 Mya — about 3985 occurrences445–435 Mya — about 1882 occurrences435–425 Mya — about 1191 occurrences425–415 Mya — about 612 occurrences415–405 Mya — about 599 occurrences405–395 Mya — about 284 occurrences395–385 Mya — about 724 occurrences385–375 Mya — about 768 occurrences375–365 Mya — about 167 occurrences365–355 Mya — about 37 occurrences355–345 Mya — about 53 occurrences345–335 Mya — about 35 occurrences335–325 Mya — about 22 occurrences325–315 Mya — about 7 occurrences315–305 Mya — about 1 occurrence305–295 Mya — about 1 occurrence295–285 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences245–236 Mya — about 1 occurrence236–226 Mya — about 2 occurrences226–216 Mya — about 3 occurrences216–206 Mya — about 6 occurrences206–196 Mya — about 4 occurrences477.1 Mya205.7 Mya495 Mya196 Mya

12,000+ occurrences of Strophomenida on record. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

12,000 occurrences read

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. The read hit its cap, so every figure above is a floor and the shares are of the occurrences read. More on what this infers.

Found in

at least 1056 formations

Vaureal — 49.82°N, 64.35°WVaureal — 49.81°N, 64.43°WVaureal — 49.78°N, 63.34°WVaureal — 49.75°N, 63.14°WVaureal — 49.75°N, 63.09°WVaureal — 49.83°N, 63.57°WVaureal — 49.75°N, 63.02°WVaureal — 49.73°N, 62.95°WVaureal — 49.50°N, 62.42°WVaureal — 49.66°N, 62.71°WVaureal — 49.60°N, 62.83°WVaureal — 49.37°N, 62.01°WVaureal — 49.46°N, 62.32°WVaureal — 49.57°N, 62.50°WVaureal — 49.44°N, 62.25°WVaureal — 49.83°N, 64.45°WVaureal — 49.61°N, 62.57°WVaureal — 49.40°N, 62.19°WVaureal — 49.60°N, 62.69°WVaureal — 49.63°N, 63.78°WVaureal — 49.79°N, 63.24°WVaureal — 49.95°N, 64.22°WVaureal — 49.92°N, 64.07°WVaureal — 49.87°N, 63.78°WVaureal — 49.83°N, 63.42°WVaureal — 49.65°N, 62.78°WVaureal — 49.38°N, 62.09°WVaureal — 49.87°N, 64.52°WVaureal — 49.94°N, 64.30°WVaureal — 49.93°N, 64.36°WVaureal — 49.80°N, 63.89°WVaureal — 49.52°N, 62.47°WVaureal — 49.63°N, 63.20°WVaureal — 49.73°N, 63.83°WMartinsburg — 36.95°N, 81.08°WMartinsburg — 38.93°N, 78.20°WMartinsburg — 38.51°N, 78.63°WMartinsburg — 40.48°N, 76.53°WMartinsburg — 36.90°N, 81.53°WMartinsburg — 37.35°N, 80.81°WMartinsburg — 37.38°N, 80.86°WWaynesville — 39.45°N, 83.83°WWaynesville — 39.00°N, 84.00°WWaynesville — 39.53°N, 84.08°WWaynesville — 39.58°N, 84.95°WWaynesville — 39.44°N, 84.98°WWaynesville — 39.34°N, 84.95°WWaynesville — 39.48°N, 84.05°WWaynesville — 39.36°N, 84.36°WWaynesville — 39.33°N, 84.07°WWaynesville — 38.77°N, 85.36°WWaynesville — 39.50°N, 84.76°WWaynesville — 38.69°N, 83.58°WWaynesville — 38.87°N, 83.79°WWaynesville — 39.03°N, 83.92°WWaynesville — 39.07°N, 85.25°WWaynesville — 39.08°N, 85.23°WWaynesville — 39.16°N, 84.60°WWaynesville — 39.57°N, 84.03°WWaynesville — 39.24°N, 83.99°WWaynesville — 39.34°N, 85.20°WWaynesville — 39.36°N, 84.10°WWaynesville — 39.40°N, 84.56°WWaynesville — 39.41°N, 83.98°WWaynesville — 39.44°N, 84.20°WWaynesville — 39.47°N, 84.25°WWaynesville — 39.56°N, 84.74°WJupiter — 49.50°N, 63.00°WJupiter — 49.47°N, 63.62°WJupiter — 49.38°N, 63.60°WJupiter — 49.42°N, 63.50°WJupiter — 49.56°N, 63.35°WJupiter — 49.45°N, 63.43°WJupiter — 49.19°N, 62.90°WJupiter — 49.18°N, 62.78°WJupiter — 49.17°N, 61.71°WJupiter — 49.23°N, 63.04°WJupiter — 49.31°N, 63.22°WJupiter — 49.12°N, 61.68°WJupiter — 49.07°N, 62.20°WJupiter — 49.12°N, 62.46°WJupiter — 49.10°N, 62.39°WJupiter — 49.55°N, 63.34°WJupiter — 49.27°N, 62.32°WJupiter — 49.24°N, 62.24°WJupiter — 49.13°N, 62.57°WJupiter — 49.14°N, 62.65°WJupiter — 49.53°N, 61.92°WJupiter — 49.20°N, 61.78°WJupiter — 49.49°N, 63.55°WJupiter — 49.51°N, 62.15°WJupiter — 49.38°N, 62.15°WJupiter — 49.35°N, 63.42°WLudlowville — 42.76°N, 78.65°WLudlowville — 42.78°N, 78.79°WLudlowville — 42.86°N, 77.76°WLudlowville — 42.87°N, 77.88°WLudlowville — 42.83°N, 77.81°WLudlowville — 42.88°N, 78.57°WLudlowville — 42.96°N, 78.13°WLudlowville — 42.80°N, 77.27°WLudlowville — 42.78°N, 76.99°WLudlowville — 42.94°N, 78.13°WLudlowville — 42.95°N, 76.02°WLudlowville — 42.93°N, 76.00°WLudlowville — 43.00°N, 79.00°WLudlowville — 42.77°N, 76.71°WLudlowville — 42.75°N, 76.77°WLudlowville — 42.86°N, 76.51°WLudlowville — 42.73°N, 76.71°WLudlowville — 42.89°N, 76.75°WLudlowville — 42.84°N, 76.33°WLudlowville — 42.89°N, 76.14°WLudlowville — 42.82°N, 75.53°WLudlowville — 42.87°N, 75.71°WLudlowville — 42.76°N, 76.47°WLudlowville — 42.84°N, 76.25°WLudlowville — 42.83°N, 75.99°WLudlowville — 42.83°N, 75.89°WLudlowville — 42.74°N, 75.55°WAnderken — 43.88°N, 75.55°EAnderken — 43.92°N, 75.48°EAnderken — 44.55°N, 74.85°EAnderken — 43.98°N, 75.08°EAnderken — 45.08°N, 73.38°EAnderken — 45.33°N, 72.18°EAnderken — 45.47°N, 72.03°ELiberty — 39.42°N, 85.01°WLiberty — 39.00°N, 84.00°WLiberty — 38.20°N, 85.57°WLiberty — 39.49°N, 84.95°WLiberty — 39.34°N, 84.95°WLiberty — 39.48°N, 84.06°WLiberty — 39.48°N, 84.05°WLiberty — 38.78°N, 85.37°WLiberty — 39.05°N, 84.40°WLiberty — 39.39°N, 83.91°WKope — 39.00°N, 84.00°WKope — 39.03°N, 84.51°WKope — 38.80°N, 84.16°WKope — 39.01°N, 84.45°WKope — 39.06°N, 84.44°WKope — 38.68°N, 83.79°WKope — 38.43°N, 83.99°WKope — 38.77°N, 84.10°WKope — 39.08°N, 84.58°WBenbolt — 35.91°N, 84.09°WBenbolt — 36.72°N, 82.68°WBenbolt — 37.10°N, 81.34°WBenbolt — 37.00°N, 81.00°WBenbolt — 37.02°N, 81.63°WBenbolt — 37.22°N, 81.36°WBenbolt — 37.23°N, 81.10°WBenbolt — 37.23°N, 81.32°WBenbolt — 37.08°N, 81.71°WBenbolt — 37.10°N, 81.56°WBenbolt — 37.11°N, 81.52°WBenbolt — 37.27°N, 81.00°WBenbolt — 37.00°N, 81.67°WBenbolt — 36.19°N, 83.93°WVerulam — 44.75°N, 79.33°WVerulam — 44.60°N, 78.97°WVerulam — 44.50°N, 78.58°WVerulam — 44.50°N, 78.67°WVerulam — 44.52°N, 78.97°WVerulam — 44.43°N, 78.78°WVerulam — 44.48°N, 78.95°WVerulam — 44.02°N, 77.15°WVerulam — 44.50°N, 79.17°WLexington Limestone — 37.65°N, 84.77°WLexington Limestone — 38.00°N, 84.67°WLexington Limestone — 38.22°N, 84.86°WLexington Limestone — 38.31°N, 84.85°WLexington Limestone — 37.98°N, 84.42°WLexington Limestone — 38.00°N, 84.17°WLexington Limestone — 37.94°N, 84.14°WLexington Limestone — 37.90°N, 84.27°WLexington Limestone — 38.35°N, 84.86°WLexington Limestone — 37.84°N, 84.59°WLexington Limestone — 37.68°N, 84.76°WLexington Limestone — 37.84°N, 84.46°WSilica — 41.72°N, 83.72°WSilica — 42.13°N, 83.60°WSilica — 42.33°N, 83.03°WSilica — 41.12°N, 84.85°WWhitewater — 39.83°N, 84.89°WWhitewater — 39.00°N, 84.00°WWhitewater — 38.00°N, 85.50°WWhitewater — 38.60°N, 85.28°WWhitewater — 39.49°N, 84.95°WWhitewater — 39.34°N, 84.95°WWhitewater — 39.48°N, 84.06°WWhitewater — 39.80°N, 84.09°WWhitewater — 39.39°N, 83.93°WWhitewater — 38.93°N, 83.52°WWhitewater — 38.83°N, 83.51°WWhitewater — 37.75°N, 84.30°WWhitewater — 38.92°N, 83.58°WWhitewater — 39.54°N, 84.75°WWhite Head — 48.83°N, 64.48°WWhite Head — 48.52°N, 64.22°WWhite Head — 48.47°N, 64.32°WWhite Head — 46.88°N, 60.35°WWhite Head — 48.58°N, 68.18°WWhite Head — 46.18°N, 59.82°WWhite Head — 49.00°N, 64.00°WLime Creek — 43.05°N, 92.96°WLime Creek — 42.02°N, 93.45°WLime Creek — 43.05°N, 92.97°WLime Creek — 43.52°N, 92.95°WLime Creek — 43.83°N, 92.93°WLime Creek — 43.67°N, 92.97°WLime Creek — 43.83°N, 93.27°WLime Creek — 43.10°N, 92.93°WLime Creek — 42.97°N, 93.20°WLime Creek — 42.47°N, 91.89°WOnondaga — 39.65°N, 78.76°WOnondaga — 40.48°N, 76.53°WOnondaga — 40.60°N, 77.57°WOnondaga — 42.95°N, 76.17°WOnondaga — 42.92°N, 78.25°WOnondaga — 42.78°N, 74.33°WOnondaga — 42.70°N, 74.92°WOnondaga — 42.97°N, 76.14°WOnondaga — 42.18°N, 73.95°WOnondaga — 42.08°N, 73.97°WOnondaga — 42.26°N, 73.90°WOnondaga — 41.93°N, 74.00°WOnondaga — 42.59°N, 74.93°WOnondaga — 42.65°N, 74.04°WOnondaga — 42.55°N, 73.94°WOnondaga — 42.90°N, 76.02°WOnondaga — 42.96°N, 78.74°WOnondaga — 42.65°N, 74.08°WOnondaga — 42.00°N, 74.00°WOnondaga — 43.00°N, 75.00°WOnondaga — 43.00°N, 76.00°WEllis Bay — 49.82°N, 64.35°WEllis Bay — 49.42°N, 62.25°WEllis Bay — 49.32°N, 61.86°WEllis Bay — 49.84°N, 64.45°WEllis Bay — 49.84°N, 64.45°WEllis Bay — 49.72°N, 63.34°WEllis Bay — 49.73°N, 63.57°WEllis Bay — 49.75°N, 63.58°WEllis Bay — 49.72°N, 63.38°WEllis Bay — 49.81°N, 64.01°WEllis Bay — 49.74°N, 63.89°WEllis Bay — 49.83°N, 63.43°WEllis Bay — 49.40°N, 62.38°WEllis Bay — 49.53°N, 62.66°WEllis Bay — 49.50°N, 62.53°WEllis Bay — 49.72°N, 63.83°WEllis Bay — 49.38°N, 62.08°WMoscow — 42.88°N, 78.42°WMoscow — 42.71°N, 78.94°WMoscow — 42.82°N, 78.68°WMoscow — 42.90°N, 78.04°WMoscow — 42.81°N, 77.90°WMoscow — 42.59°N, 74.70°WMoscow — 42.75°N, 77.01°WMoscow — 42.83°N, 75.78°WMoscow — 42.67°N, 76.73°WMoscow — 42.82°N, 76.34°WMoscow — 42.77°N, 76.03°WMoscow — 42.81°N, 75.91°WMoscow — 42.76°N, 75.73°WMoscow — 42.59°N, 75.18°WMoscow — 42.68°N, 75.57°WMoscow — 42.67°N, 75.48°WMoscow — 42.65°N, 75.16°WMoscow — 42.58°N, 75.06°WMoscow — 42.56°N, 74.93°WMoscow — 42.55°N, 74.87°WMoscow — 42.75°N, 77.15°WMoscow — 42.77°N, 77.83°WMoscow — 42.82°N, 77.57°WMoscow — 42.78°N, 77.33°WMoscow — 42.67°N, 76.95°WKilley Bridge — 54.60°N, 6.88°WFairview — 39.00°N, 84.00°WFairview — 39.01°N, 84.45°WFairview — 39.03°N, 84.51°WFairview — 39.30°N, 84.40°WFairview — 38.68°N, 83.79°WFairview — 38.96°N, 84.08°WFairview — 39.07°N, 84.51°WFairview — 39.09°N, 84.63°WFairview — 39.20°N, 84.34°WSolvik — 59.92°N, 10.75°ESolvik — 60.17°N, 10.30°ESolvik — 59.83°N, 10.43°ESolvik — 59.82°N, 10.46°EDenley Limestone — 43.21°N, 75.46°WDenley Limestone — 44.00°N, 75.00°WDenley Limestone — 43.28°N, 75.14°WDenley Limestone — 43.88°N, 75.49°WMotol — 50.08°N, 14.47°EMotol — 50.00°N, 17.78°EMotol — 49.95°N, 12.93°EMotol — 50.05°N, 14.37°EMotol — 49.97°N, 14.13°EMotol — 49.77°N, 13.25°EMotol — 50.00°N, 14.22°EAntelope Valley — 36.88°N, 116.67°WAntelope Valley — 39.09°N, 116.85°WAntelope Valley — 38.05°N, 116.45°WAntelope Valley — 38.53°N, 116.40°WAntelope Valley — 37.34°N, 115.38°WAntelope Valley — 37.30°N, 115.80°WAntelope Valley — 39.20°N, 116.25°WAntelope Valley — 39.00°N, 116.62°WAntelope Valley — 37.12°N, 116.50°WAntelope Valley — 36.39°N, 116.61°W

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The named rock units Strophomenida has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. The read hit its cap, so each count is a floor. 1,032 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 1,627 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Found in the same rock

1,746 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records at least 848 sites for Strophomenida, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

at least 742 references

Each of the 12,000 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. That read hit its cap, so each count is a floor. 730 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Strophomenida

Credit
Wilson44691
Licence
Public Domain
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan was found. Smithsonian Open Access, MorphoSource and Sketchfab were all searched.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itStrophomenata through timeThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Opik 1934