Coluber

The eastern racer, or North American racer, is a species of nonvenomous snake in the subfamily Colubrinae of the family Colubridae. The species is native to North America and Central America. Eleven subspecies, including the nominotypical subspecies, are recognized, which as a group are commonly referred to as the eastern racers. The species is monotypic in the genus Coluber.

Coluber

(c) Deana Tempest Thomas, some rights reserved (CC BY) · CC BY 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
racerPBDB
Sits inside
ColubrinaePBDB
Diet
carnivorePBDB
Life habit
ground dwellingPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Amniota

Time the record covers

At least 27 million years on record.

The record covers at least 27.3 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 33.9 Mya to 0 Mya.

Eocene — about 0 of 164 occurrencesOligocene — about 13 of 164 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 55 of 164 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 24 of 164 occurrencesPleistocene — about 68 of 164 occurrences35–33 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences33–32 Mya — about 2 occurrences32–31 Mya — about 2 occurrences31–30 Mya — about 2 occurrences30–29 Mya — about 2 occurrences29–28 Mya — about 2 occurrences28–27 Mya — about 1 occurrence27–25 Mya — about 1 occurrence25–24 Mya — about 1 occurrence24–23 Mya — about 1 occurrence23–22 Mya — about 2 occurrences22–21 Mya — about 2 occurrences21–20 Mya — about 2 occurrences20–18 Mya — about 2 occurrences18–17 Mya — about 2 occurrences17–16 Mya — about 6 occurrences16–15 Mya — about 5 occurrences15–14 Mya — about 5 occurrences14–13 Mya — about 5 occurrences13–12 Mya — about 8 occurrences12–10 Mya — about 4 occurrences10–9.2 Mya — about 2 occurrences9.2–8.1 Mya — about 3 occurrences8.1–6.9 Mya — about 2 occurrences6.9–5.8 Mya — about 3 occurrences5.8–4.6 Mya — about 4 occurrences4.6–3.5 Mya — about 11 occurrences3.5–2.3 Mya — about 15 occurrences2.3–1.2 Mya — about 13 occurrences1.2–0 Mya — about 54 occurrences27.3 Mya11.7 ka34.6 Mya0 Mya

164 occurrences of Coluber on record, most of them in the Pleistocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

164 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

19 formations

Upper Freshwater Molasse — 48.44°N, 11.04°EUpper Freshwater Molasse — 48.63°N, 11.80°EKingsdown — 37.20°N, 100.30°WRexroad — 37.10°N, 100.90°WRexroad — 37.20°N, 100.30°WRexroad — 37.13°N, 100.48°WMost — 50.42°N, 13.36°EWiesbaden — 50.04°N, 8.27°ESajovolgyi — 47.97°N, 19.69°EKhalagai — 53.15°N, 110.20°EOgallala — 39.08°N, 99.75°WLong Pine — 42.38°N, 98.23°WSilver Bluff — 32.56°N, 80.29°WBrackwater Molasse — 48.48°N, 10.10°EBallard — 37.20°N, 100.30°WCrooked Creek — 37.20°N, 100.30°WShuler — 32.71°N, 96.71°WCórcoles — 40.47°N, 2.68°WMcPherson — 38.30°N, 97.60°WTruckee — 39.52°N, 119.12°WVille — 50.90°N, 6.45°EKarbolia — 45.53°N, 28.44°E

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Coluber has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 128 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Coluber and its relatives

Pleistocene

Where Coluber and its relatives were recorded in the Pleistocene.

Found in the same rock

2,089 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 133 sites for Coluber, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

73 references

Each of the 164 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 61 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Coluber

Credit
(c) Deana Tempest Thomas, some rights reserved (CC BY)
Licence
CC BY 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

CT scan

Licence
In Copyright
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
Specimen
Coluber constrictor · UMMZ:herps:225480

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itColubrinae through timeFormations of the PleistoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Linnaeus 1758