Rhynchonelliformea

Rhynchonelliformea is a major subphylum and clade of brachiopods. It is roughly equivalent to the former class Articulata, which was used previously in brachiopod taxonomy up until the 1990s. These so-called articulated brachiopods have many anatomical differences relative to "inarticulate" brachiopods of the subphyla Linguliformea and Craniformea. Articulates have hard calcium carbonate shells with tongue-and-groove hinge articulations and separate sets of simple opening and closing muscles.

Rhynchonelliformea

Wilson44691 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
BrachiopodaPBDB
Diet
suspension feederPBDB, for Brachiopoda
Life habit
low-level epifaunalPBDB, for Brachiopoda
Motility
stationary, attachedPBDB, for Brachiopoda
Environment
marinePBDB, for Lophophorata

Time the record covers

At least 471 million years on record.

The record covers at least 509.7 Mya to 37.71 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 538.8 Mya to 33.9 Mya.

Cambrian — about 52 of 12000 occurrencesCambrianOrdovician — about 2411 of 12000 occurrencesOrdovicianSilurian — about 2955 of 12000 occurrencesDevonian — about 2326 of 12000 occurrencesDevonianCarboniferous — about 2935 of 12000 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 240 of 12000 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 0 of 12000 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 0 of 12000 occurrencesLate Triassic — about 0 of 12000 occurrencesEarly Jurassic — about 0 of 12000 occurrencesMiddle Jurassic — about 78 of 12000 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 126 of 12000 occurrencesEarly Cretaceous — about 351 of 12000 occurrencesLate Cretaceous — about 280 of 12000 occurrencesPaleocene — about 214 of 12000 occurrencesEocene — about 32 of 12000 occurrencesOligocene — about 0 of 12000 occurrences549–531 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences531–514 Mya — about 6 occurrences514–496 Mya — about 27 occurrences496–479 Mya — about 68 occurrences479–461 Mya — about 221 occurrences461–444 Mya — about 2056 occurrences444–426 Mya — about 2782 occurrences426–409 Mya — about 730 occurrences409–391 Mya — about 525 occurrences391–374 Mya — about 939 occurrences374–356 Mya — about 469 occurrences356–339 Mya — about 849 occurrences339–321 Mya — about 373 occurrences321–304 Mya — about 805 occurrences304–286 Mya — about 1060 occurrences286–269 Mya — about 6 occurrences269–251 Mya — about 4 occurrences181–164 Mya — about 32 occurrences164–146 Mya — about 130 occurrences146–129 Mya — about 171 occurrences129–111 Mya — about 206 occurrences111–94 Mya — about 29 occurrences94–76 Mya — about 95 occurrences76–59 Mya — about 383 occurrences59–41 Mya — about 10 occurrences41–24 Mya — about 25 occurrences509.7 Mya37.71 Mya549 Mya24 Mya

12,000+ occurrences of Rhynchonelliformea on record. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group, and the chart stops with its fossils rather than at the present. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

12,000 occurrences read

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. The read hit its cap, so every figure above is a floor and the shares are of the occurrences read. More on what this infers.

Found in

at least 429 formations

Cherokee Shale — 37.60°N, 94.68°WCherokee Shale — 37.42°N, 94.79°WCherokee Shale — 37.35°N, 94.99°WCherokee Shale — 37.30°N, 94.95°WCherokee Shale — 37.24°N, 94.99°WCherokee Shale — 37.23°N, 95.10°WCherokee Shale — 37.04°N, 95.17°WCherokee Shale — 37.14°N, 95.10°WCherokee Shale — 37.54°N, 94.64°WCherokee Shale — 37.37°N, 94.86°WCherokee Shale — 37.58°N, 94.64°WCherokee Shale — 37.65°N, 94.71°WCherokee Shale — 37.33°N, 94.80°WCherokee Shale — 37.24°N, 94.95°WCherokee Shale — 37.32°N, 94.68°WCherokee Shale — 39.49°N, 94.28°WCherokee Shale — 37.10°N, 94.89°WCherokee Shale — 37.11°N, 94.82°WCherokee Shale — 37.24°N, 94.80°WCherokee Shale — 37.04°N, 95.13°WGraham — 33.02°N, 98.64°WGraham — 33.00°N, 98.67°WGraham — 33.11°N, 98.59°WGraham — 32.96°N, 98.76°WGraham — 33.09°N, 98.46°WGraham — 31.50°N, 99.37°WGraham — 31.44°N, 99.34°WGraham — 33.01°N, 98.52°WGraham — 31.49°N, 99.31°WGraham — 32.54°N, 98.87°WForaker Limestome — 39.49°N, 96.27°WForaker Limestome — 39.07°N, 96.07°WForaker Limestome — 39.25°N, 96.57°WForaker Limestome — 39.39°N, 96.41°WForaker Limestome — 39.07°N, 96.18°WForaker Limestome — 37.64°N, 96.43°WForaker Limestome — 37.65°N, 96.46°WForaker Limestome — 38.15°N, 96.32°WWaterways — 58.00°N, 112.72°WCanon de Caballeros — 23.77°N, 99.27°WDenay Limestone — 39.22°N, 116.22°WSalem Limestone — 37.49°N, 85.34°WSalem Limestone — 37.31°N, 85.44°WSalem Limestone — 37.79°N, 85.82°WSalem Limestone — 37.26°N, 85.34°WSalem Limestone — 37.43°N, 85.40°WSalem Limestone — 37.33°N, 85.50°WSalem Limestone — 37.18°N, 85.32°WSalem Limestone — 37.19°N, 85.37°WSalem Limestone — 37.55°N, 85.70°WSalem Limestone — 37.05°N, 85.05°WSalem Limestone — 38.06°N, 85.98°WSalem Limestone — 38.03°N, 86.03°WFort Payne Chert — 36.92°N, 84.96°WFort Payne Chert — 36.54°N, 85.16°WFort Payne Chert — 36.72°N, 85.45°WEdwardsville — 39.50°N, 86.50°WEdwardsville — 39.75°N, 86.67°WEdwardsville — 39.25°N, 86.33°WEdwardsville — 39.00°N, 86.25°WEdwardsville — 39.04°N, 86.50°WRoss Brook — 45.62°N, 61.97°WHeath — 47.33°N, 109.07°WHeath — 46.54°N, 110.43°WHeath — 47.00°N, 109.28°WHeath — 46.93°N, 109.28°WHeath — 46.95°N, 109.15°WHeath — 47.12°N, 109.55°WHeath — 46.92°N, 109.09°WHeath — 46.67°N, 109.13°WHeath — 46.79°N, 108.87°WTrefawr — 52.12°N, 3.55°WRoss Point — 45.62°N, 61.97°WAmherstburg — 43.98°N, 81.28°WAmherstburg — 43.88°N, 81.30°WLebanon Limestone — 35.80°N, 86.13°WLebanon Limestone — 35.47°N, 86.80°WLebanon Limestone — 35.97°N, 86.45°WLebanon Limestone — 35.45°N, 86.88°WLebanon Limestone — 36.00°N, 86.45°WLebanon Limestone — 35.50°N, 86.50°WFort Scott Limestone — 40.82°N, 89.78°WFort Scott Limestone — 38.37°N, 93.78°WFort Scott Limestone — 37.22°N, 95.35°WFort Scott Limestone — 37.84°N, 94.71°WFort Scott Limestone — 35.79°N, 95.86°WFort Scott Limestone — 36.42°N, 95.64°WFort Scott Limestone — 38.98°N, 93.57°WFort Scott Limestone — 37.63°N, 94.70°WFort Scott Limestone — 37.46°N, 94.80°WFort Scott Limestone — 37.29°N, 95.11°WFort Scott Limestone — 37.65°N, 94.70°WFort Scott Limestone — 37.04°N, 95.24°WFort Scott Limestone — 37.61°N, 94.75°WFort Scott Limestone — 37.08°N, 95.20°WFort Scott Limestone — 37.05°N, 95.15°WFort Scott Limestone — 37.48°N, 94.93°WLime Creek — 43.05°N, 92.96°WLime Creek — 42.02°N, 93.45°WBedford Shale — 41.59°N, 81.57°WBedford Shale — 41.38°N, 81.56°WBedford Shale — 41.50°N, 81.70°WDyer — 39.55°N, 107.25°WDyer — 39.72°N, 107.50°WDyer — 39.75°N, 107.32°WDyer — 39.80°N, 107.17°WDyer — 39.62°N, 107.10°WYujiang — 22.39°N, 107.55°EYujiang — 24.10°N, 109.98°EKap Leslie — 70.48°N, 21.97°WHarpersville — 32.90°N, 98.90°WHarpersville — 32.96°N, 98.76°WHarpersville — 31.50°N, 99.37°WHarpersville — 33.11°N, 98.59°WShuqra — 14.27°N, 48.57°EShuqra — 14.30°N, 48.47°EShuqra — 14.32°N, 48.45°ECatheys — 36.35°N, 85.79°WCatheys — 35.17°N, 87.04°WCatheys — 35.87°N, 87.03°WCatheys — 36.27°N, 86.73°WCatheys — 35.62°N, 87.10°WCatheys — 35.90°N, 86.85°WCatheys — 35.50°N, 86.50°W

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The named rock units Rhynchonelliformea has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. The read hit its cap, so each count is a floor. 405 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 3,153 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Found in the same rock

1,506 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records at least 337 sites for Rhynchonelliformea, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

at least 322 references

Each of the 12,000 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. That read hit its cap, so each count is a floor. 310 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Rhynchonelliformea

Credit
Wilson44691
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Rhynchonelliformea was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itBrachiopoda through timeThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Williams et al. 1996