Rhizophora

Rhizophora is a genus of tropical mangrove trees, sometimes collectively called true mangroves. The most notable species is the red mangrove but some other species and a few natural hybrids are known. Rhizophora species generally live in intertidal zones which are inundated daily by the ocean. They exhibit a number of adaptations to this environment, including pneumatophores that elevate the plants above the water and allow them to respire oxygen even while their lower roots are submerged and a cytological molecular "pump" mechanism that allows them to remove excess salts from their cells. The generic name is derived from the Greek words ῥίζα (rhiza), meaning "root," and φορός (phoros), meaning "bearing," referring to the stilt-roots.

Rhizophora

Uncredited · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
true mangrovePBDB
Sits inside
RhizophoraceaePBDB
Diet
"photoautotroph"PBDB, for Angiospermae

Time the record covers

At least 89 million years on record.

The record covers at least 89.8 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 100.5 Mya to 0 Mya.

Early Cretaceous — about 0 of 60 occurrencesLate Cretaceous — about 2 of 60 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 0 of 60 occurrencesPaleoceneEocene — about 3 of 60 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 14 of 60 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 25 of 60 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 7 of 60 occurrencesPleistocene — about 6 of 60 occurrences103–99 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences99–96 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences96–92 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences92–89 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences68–65 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences65–62 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences62–58 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences58–55 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences55–51 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences51–48 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences48–44 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences44–41 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences41–38 Mya — about 1 occurrence38–34 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences34–31 Mya — about 4 occurrences31–27 Mya — about 4 occurrences27–24 Mya — about 4 occurrences24–21 Mya — about 7 occurrences21–17 Mya — about 12 occurrences17–14 Mya — about 5 occurrences14–10 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences10–6.8 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences6.8–3.4 Mya — about 5 occurrences3.4–0 Mya — about 10 occurrences89.8 Mya11.7 ka103 Mya0 Mya

60 occurrences of Rhizophora on record, most of them in the Miocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

60 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

9 formations

San Sebastian — 18.30°N, 66.88°WSan Sebastian — 18.37°N, 66.19°WCulebra — 9.03°N, 79.63°WGatun — 9.27°N, 79.87°WGatun — 9.13°N, 79.95°WCucaracha — 9.02°N, 79.63°WLa Boca — 9.07°N, 79.67°WNimar Sandstone — 22.37°N, 74.77°ENimar Sandstone — 22.32°N, 74.83°EOropouche — 10.00°N, 61.00°WMcBean — 33.45°N, 82.20°WTikak Parbat — 27.25°N, 95.67°E

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The named rock units Rhizophora has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 13 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Rhizophora and its relatives

Miocene

Where Rhizophora and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

223 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 60 sites for Rhizophora, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

14 references

Each of the 60 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 2 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content3

Picture of Rhizophora

Credit
nobody named on the record
Licence
not stated by the source
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

CT scan

Licence
In Copyright
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
Specimen
Lythrypnus rhizophora · LACM:Fish:22002.000

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC0 Public Domain
Commercial use
the licence allows it

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itRhizophoraceae through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Linnaeus 1753