Malvaceae

Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia. The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus, Pavonia, Sida, Ayenia, Dombeya, and Sterculia.

Malvaceae

Forest & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
mallowPBDB
Sits inside
MalvalesPBDB
Diet
"photoautotroph"PBDB, for Angiospermae

Time the record covers

At least 100 million years on record.

The record covers at least 100.5 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 143.1 Mya to 0 Mya.

Late Jurassic — about 0 of 250 occurrencesEarly Cretaceous — about 11 of 250 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 13 of 250 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 28 of 250 occurrencesEocene — about 115 of 250 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 5 of 250 occurrencesMiocene — about 39 of 250 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 9 of 250 occurrencesPleistocene — about 21 of 250 occurrences146–141 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences141–136 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences136–131 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences131–127 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences127–122 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences122–117 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences117–112 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences112–107 Mya — about 4 occurrences107–102 Mya — about 4 occurrences102–97 Mya — about 2 occurrences97–92 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences92–88 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences88–83 Mya — about 1 occurrence83–78 Mya — about 2 occurrences78–73 Mya — about 2 occurrences73–68 Mya — about 4 occurrences68–63 Mya — about 11 occurrences63–58 Mya — about 13 occurrences58–54 Mya — about 14 occurrences54–49 Mya — about 16 occurrences49–44 Mya — about 3 occurrences44–39 Mya — about 4 occurrences39–34 Mya — about 81 occurrences34–29 Mya — about 6 occurrences29–24 Mya — about 2 occurrences24–19 Mya — about 11 occurrences19–15 Mya — about 14 occurrences15–9.7 Mya — about 10 occurrences9.7–4.9 Mya — about 7 occurrences4.9–0 Mya — about 37 occurrences100.5 Mya11.7 ka146 Mya0 Mya

250 occurrences of Malvaceae on record, most of them in the Eocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

250 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

37 formations

Yaw — 23.25°N, 94.25°EYaw — 23.23°N, 94.25°ELondon Clay — 50.78°N, 0.65°WLondon Clay — 51.37°N, 1.13°ELondon Clay — 51.40°N, 0.83°ECulebra — 9.03°N, 79.63°WCerrejón — 11.13°N, 72.57°WFort Union — 46.32°N, 103.85°WFort Union — 46.02°N, 103.76°WCheyenne Sandstone — 37.45°N, 99.08°WGatun — 9.27°N, 79.87°WGatun — 9.13°N, 79.95°WDeccan Intertrappean — 21.15°N, 79.04°EDeccan Intertrappean — 22.01°N, 79.19°EHell Creek — 46.35°N, 103.87°WHell Creek — 46.02°N, 103.76°WSalamanca — 45.91°S, 69.21°WHuazhige — 23.33°N, 104.28°EHuazhige — 23.02°N, 104.38°ESan José — 26.68°S, 65.83°WSan José — 26.71°S, 66.02°WPondaung — 21.77°N, 94.85°EPondaung — 21.75°N, 94.62°EGreen River — 39.78°N, 107.87°WEagle — 44.98°N, 108.87°WFall River Sandstone — 44.57°N, 104.72°WFrontier — 42.83°N, 108.73°WDunvegan — 54.92°N, 121.42°WMancora — 5.03°S, 80.16°WPatapsco — 37.38°N, 77.28°WPirabas — 1.21°S, 47.16°WOlmos — 27.92°N, 101.50°WCerrejon — 11.23°N, 72.95°WCamadas de Nova Iorque — 5.39°S, 42.92°W

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The named rock units Malvaceae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 13 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 55 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Malvaceae and its relatives

Eocene

Where Malvaceae and its relatives were recorded in the Eocene.

Found in the same rock

2,275 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 151 sites for Malvaceae, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

59 references

Each of the 250 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 47 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Malvaceae

Credit
Forest & Kim Starr
Licence
CC BY 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
Commercial use
the licence does not allow it

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itMalvales through timeFormations of the EoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. de Jussieu 1789