Pycnodontiformes

Pycnodontiformes is an extinct order of primarily marine bony fish. The group first appeared during the Late Triassic and disappeared during the Eocene. The group has been found in rock formations in Africa, Asia, Europe, North and South America.

Pycnodontiformes

John J. Cawley, Giuseppe Marramà, Giorgio Carnevale, Jaime A. Villafaña, Faviel A. López-Romero, Jürgen Kriwet · CC BY 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
NeopterygiiPBDB
Diet
durophage, carnivorePBDB
Life habit
nektonicPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB

Time the record covers

At least 211 million years on record.

The record covers at least 211.18 Mya to 129 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 215.38 Mya to 11.7 ka.

Late Triassic — about 11 of 622 occurrencesLate TriassicEarly Jurassic — about 7 of 622 occurrencesEarly JurassicMiddle Jurassic — about 18 of 622 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 46 of 622 occurrencesLate JurassicEarly Cretaceous — about 163 of 622 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 301 of 622 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 18 of 622 occurrencesEocene — about 54 of 622 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 0 of 622 occurrencesMiocene — about 1 of 622 occurrencesPliocene — about 0 of 622 occurrencesPleistocene — about 3 of 622 occurrences220–212 Mya — about 5 occurrences212–205 Mya — about 3 occurrences205–198 Mya — about 6 occurrences198–190 Mya — about 2 occurrences190–183 Mya — about 2 occurrences183–176 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences176–168 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences168–161 Mya — about 18 occurrences161–154 Mya — about 12 occurrences154–146 Mya — about 24 occurrences146–139 Mya — about 23 occurrences139–132 Mya — about 15 occurrences132–124 Mya — about 17 occurrences124–117 Mya — about 42 occurrences117–110 Mya — about 46 occurrences110–103 Mya — about 23 occurrences103–95 Mya — about 90 occurrences95–88 Mya — about 70 occurrences88–81 Mya — about 34 occurrences81–73 Mya — about 34 occurrences73–66 Mya — about 80 occurrences66–59 Mya — about 13 occurrences59–51 Mya — about 24 occurrences51–44 Mya — about 24 occurrences44–37 Mya — about 11 occurrences37–29 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences22–15 Mya — about 1 occurrence7.3–0 Mya — about 3 occurrences211.18 Mya129 ka220 Mya0 Mya

622 occurrences of Pycnodontiformes on record, most of them in the Late Cretaceous. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

622 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

181 formations

Paluxy — 32.00°N, 98.25°WPaluxy — 32.22°N, 98.20°WPaluxy — 33.12°N, 97.57°WPaluxy — 33.15°N, 97.57°WPaluxy — 32.95°N, 97.69°WPaluxy — 33.50°N, 97.50°WPaluxy — 31.70°N, 98.51°WGreenhorn Limestone — 37.22°N, 103.60°WGreenhorn Limestone — 37.69°N, 103.94°WGreenhorn Limestone — 39.81°N, 97.34°WGreenhorn Limestone — 39.74°N, 97.65°WGreenhorn Limestone — 42.64°N, 96.53°WGreenhorn Limestone — 37.46°N, 103.05°WGreenhorn Limestone — 38.87°N, 98.51°WGreenhorn Limestone — 38.78°N, 98.96°WGreenhorn Limestone — 37.65°N, 103.93°WGreenhorn Limestone — 39.81°N, 97.38°WLa Huérguina — 40.06°N, 1.88°WLa Huérguina — 40.12°N, 1.97°WLa Huérguina — 40.22°N, 1.98°WCarlile Shale — 39.89°N, 98.03°WCarlile Shale — 39.78°N, 98.15°WCarlile Shale — 42.74°N, 97.03°WCarlile Shale — 39.04°N, 99.07°WCarlile Shale — 39.60°N, 98.72°WKorallenkalk — 52.36°N, 9.70°EAkrabou — 30.51°N, 4.84°WAkrabou — 31.86°N, 4.88°WSolnhofen — 48.91°N, 11.14°ESolnhofen — 48.94°N, 8.41°EGlen Rose Limestone — 35.41°N, 102.42°WGlen Rose Limestone — 32.37°N, 97.69°WGlen Rose Limestone — 32.23°N, 98.23°WEutaw — 33.70°N, 88.50°WEutaw — 32.46°N, 87.18°WEutaw — 33.52°N, 88.40°WEutaw — 32.77°N, 87.87°WEl Castellar — 40.67°N, 0.67°WEl Castellar — 40.58°N, 0.69°WEl Castellar — 40.62°N, 0.84°WEl Castellar — 40.46°N, 0.74°WEl Castellar — 40.44°N, 0.73°WLameta — 20.35°N, 79.05°ELameta — 21.18°N, 80.37°ELameta — 23.17°N, 79.95°ELameta — 20.21°N, 79.09°ELameta — 20.36°N, 79.03°ELameta — 22.92°N, 80.93°EUmm Himar — 21.17°N, 41.42°ESubathu — 30.98°N, 76.98°ESubathu — 32.50°N, 75.50°ESannine — 34.06°N, 35.69°ELondon Clay — 51.40°N, 0.83°EHythe — 51.24°N, 0.05°WHythe — 51.24°N, 0.10°WTwin Mountains — 32.27°N, 97.91°WTar Heel — 34.57°N, 78.50°WTar Heel — 34.61°N, 78.60°WAïn el Guettar — 33.17°N, 10.26°EAïn el Guettar — 32.66°N, 10.21°EKuldana — 33.63°N, 72.17°EKuldana — 33.64°N, 71.20°EKuldana — 33.78°N, 42.69°EKuldana — 33.78°N, 72.68°ETremp — 42.00°N, 0.84°ETremp — 42.17°N, 1.79°ETremp — 41.12°N, 1.01°EMdaouer — 32.85°N, 1.27°WHolleywell, New Pit, Lewes — 51.30°N, 0.39°EKsar Metlili — 32.70°N, 3.22°W

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The named rock units Pycnodontiformes has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 157 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 187 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Pycnodontiformes and its relatives

Late Cretaceous

Where Pycnodontiformes and its relatives were recorded in the Late Cretaceous.

Found in the same rock

3,417 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 450 sites for Pycnodontiformes, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

304 references

Each of the 622 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 292 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Pycnodontiformes

Credit
John J. Cawley, Giuseppe Marramà, Giorgio Carnevale, Jaime A. Villafaña, Faviel A. López-Romero, Jürgen Kriwet
Licence
CC BY 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Pycnodontiformes was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itNeopterygii through timeFormations of the Late CretaceousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Berg 1937