Pugnoides

Pugnoides is an extinct genus of brachiopod belonging to the order Rhynchonellida and family Petasmariidae. Specimens have been found in Devonian to Permian beds in North America, Asia, Europe, western Australia, New Zealand,and New Zealand. The genus was particularly widespread in the Visean.

Pugnoides

via iDigBio · CC0 · via iDigBio. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
PetasmariidaePBDB
Diet
suspension feederPBDB, for Rhynchonellida
Life habit
epifaunalPBDB, for Rhynchonellida
Motility
stationaryPBDB, for Rhynchonellida
Vision
blindPBDB, for Rhynchonellata
Environment
marinePBDB, for Lophophorata

Time the record covers

At least 118 million years on record.

The record covers at least 382.31 Mya to 264.28 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 387.95 Mya to 259.857 Mya.

Devonian — about 25 of 63 occurrencesDevonianCarboniferous — about 27 of 63 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 11 of 63 occurrencesPermian391–386 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences386–382 Mya — about 3 occurrences382–377 Mya — about 9 occurrences377–373 Mya — about 8 occurrences373–368 Mya — about 3 occurrences368–364 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences364–359 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences359–355 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences355–351 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences351–346 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences346–342 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences342–337 Mya — about 1 occurrence337–333 Mya — about 4 occurrences333–328 Mya — about 6 occurrences328–324 Mya — about 6 occurrences324–319 Mya — about 2 occurrences319–315 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences315–311 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences311–306 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences306–302 Mya — about 1 occurrence302–297 Mya — about 2 occurrences297–293 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences293–288 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences288–284 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences284–279 Mya — about 1 occurrence279–275 Mya — about 1 occurrence275–271 Mya — about 1 occurrence271–266 Mya — about 2 occurrences266–262 Mya — about 2 occurrences262–257 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences382.31 Mya264.28 Mya391 Mya257 Mya

63 occurrences of Pugnoides on record, most of them in the Carboniferous. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

63 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

28 formations

Triangle — 42.35°N, 75.89°WTriangle — 42.33°N, 75.85°WTriangle — 42.19°N, 75.87°WTriangle — 42.46°N, 75.47°WTriangle — 42.32°N, 75.64°WTriangle — 42.42°N, 76.19°WTriangle — 42.21°N, 75.79°WTriangle — 42.42°N, 75.86°WAmsden — 42.59°N, 108.67°WAmsden — 42.66°N, 108.73°WAmsden — 43.68°N, 109.62°WAmsden — 41.46°N, 106.81°WKaibab — 36.19°N, 112.36°WKaibab — 36.33°N, 113.04°WKaibab — 38.22°N, 112.89°WOtter — 47.30°N, 111.37°WOtter — 46.90°N, 109.09°WLime Creek — 42.02°N, 93.45°WLime Creek — 43.05°N, 92.96°WPanther Seep — 35.08°N, 106.65°WArroyo Penasco — 35.83°N, 106.86°WParadise — 31.93°N, 109.22°WCameron Creek — 46.37°N, 109.18°WPella — 41.33°N, 92.38°WDyer — 39.80°N, 107.17°WRongxian — 24.98°N, 109.98°EGlen Aubrey — 42.42°N, 76.19°WIllipah — 38.65°N, 113.97°WSassenach — 55.00°N, 120.00°WPalo Quemado — 26.37°N, 102.94°WBurlington — 39.43°N, 91.04°WArco Hills — 43.63°N, 113.30°WPetoskey — 42.29°N, 84.99°WGeneseo — 42.65°N, 75.86°WCutoff — 31.84°N, 104.85°WBell Canyon — 31.90°N, 104.82°WCherry Canyon — 31.86°N, 104.83°WDelaware Mountain — 31.17°N, 104.35°W

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The named rock units Pugnoides has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 4 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 6 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Pugnoides and its relatives

Carboniferous

Where Pugnoides and its relatives were recorded in the Carboniferous.

Found in the same rock

834 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 61 sites for Pugnoides, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

29 references

Each of the 63 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 17 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Pugnoides

Source
iDigBio
Credit
via iDigBio
Licence
CC0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan was found. Smithsonian Open Access, MorphoSource and Sketchfab were all searched.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itPetasmariidae through timeFormations of the CarboniferousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Weller 1910)