Spirifer

Spirifer is a genus of marine brachiopods belonging to the order Spiriferida and family Spiriferidae. Species belonging to the genus lived in the Carboniferous.

Spirifer

Dwergenpaartje · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
SpiriferinaePBDB
Diet
suspension feederPBDB, for Spiriferida
Life habit
epifaunalPBDB, for Spiriferida
Motility
stationaryPBDB, for Spiriferida
Vision
blindPBDB, for Rhynchonellata
Environment
marinePBDB, for Lophophorata

Time the record covers

At least 218 million years on record.

The record covers at least 445.5 Mya to 227.3 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 449.6 Mya to 215.38 Mya.

Ordovician — about 1 of 1059 occurrencesSilurian — about 71 of 1059 occurrencesSilurianDevonian — about 251 of 1059 occurrencesDevonianCarboniferous — about 661 of 1059 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 70 of 1059 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 0 of 1059 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 1 of 1059 occurrencesLate Triassic — about 4 of 1059 occurrencesLate Triassic454–446 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences446–438 Mya — about 5 occurrences438–430 Mya — about 38 occurrences430–422 Mya — about 23 occurrences422–414 Mya — about 25 occurrences414–406 Mya — about 11 occurrences406–397 Mya — about 7 occurrences397–389 Mya — about 38 occurrences389–381 Mya — about 91 occurrences381–373 Mya — about 20 occurrences373–365 Mya — about 26 occurrences365–357 Mya — about 79 occurrences357–349 Mya — about 156 occurrences349–341 Mya — about 137 occurrences341–332 Mya — about 147 occurrences332–324 Mya — about 93 occurrences324–316 Mya — about 36 occurrences316–308 Mya — about 34 occurrences308–300 Mya — about 16 occurrences300–292 Mya — about 17 occurrences292–284 Mya — about 10 occurrences284–276 Mya — about 2 occurrences276–268 Mya — about 2 occurrences268–259 Mya — about 25 occurrences259–251 Mya — about 15 occurrences251–243 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences243–235 Mya — about 2 occurrences235–227 Mya — about 1 occurrence227–219 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences219–211 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences445.5 Mya227.3 Mya454 Mya211 Mya

1,059 occurrences of Spirifer on record, most of them in the Carboniferous. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

1,059 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

239 formations

Banff — 57.00°N, 120.00°WBanff — 52.25°N, 117.25°WBanff — 53.08°N, 118.06°WBanff — 52.08°N, 116.43°WBanff — 53.03°N, 118.08°WBanff — 52.98°N, 117.33°WBanff — 51.80°N, 115.83°WBanff — 51.68°N, 115.83°WBanff — 51.60°N, 115.77°WBanff — 51.25°N, 115.47°WBanff — 51.15°N, 115.55°WBanff — 51.08°N, 115.43°WBanff — 51.08°N, 115.17°WBanff — 51.05°N, 115.23°WBanff — 50.91°N, 114.85°WGeneseo — 42.33°N, 74.45°WGeneseo — 42.67°N, 75.59°WGeneseo — 42.65°N, 75.39°WGeneseo — 42.54°N, 75.21°WGeneseo — 42.62°N, 75.37°WGeneseo — 42.53°N, 74.93°WGeneseo — 42.57°N, 76.21°WGeneseo — 42.50°N, 74.78°WGeneseo — 42.57°N, 75.25°WGeneseo — 42.65°N, 75.86°WGeneseo — 42.52°N, 75.01°WGeneseo — 42.51°N, 75.13°WGeneseo — 45.65°N, 75.39°WGeneseo — 42.64°N, 75.77°WSalem Limestone — 37.31°N, 85.44°WSalem Limestone — 37.79°N, 85.82°WSalem Limestone — 37.26°N, 85.34°WSalem Limestone — 37.43°N, 85.40°WSalem Limestone — 37.33°N, 85.50°WSalem Limestone — 37.18°N, 85.32°WSalem Limestone — 37.19°N, 85.37°WSalem Limestone — 37.55°N, 85.70°WSalem Limestone — 37.05°N, 85.05°WSalem Limestone — 38.06°N, 85.98°WSalem Limestone — 38.03°N, 86.03°WThree Forks Shale — 45.96°N, 111.54°WThree Forks Shale — 45.92°N, 111.55°WThree Forks Shale — 45.83°N, 111.64°WOnondaga — 40.48°N, 76.53°WOnondaga — 42.95°N, 76.17°WOnondaga — 42.92°N, 78.25°WOnondaga — 42.78°N, 74.33°WOnondaga — 42.96°N, 78.74°WOnondaga — 42.65°N, 74.08°WRochester — 43.16°N, 79.05°WRochester — 43.18°N, 78.72°WRochester — 43.19°N, 77.56°WRochester — 43.24°N, 77.17°WRochester — 43.22°N, 77.02°WRochester — 43.19°N, 76.91°WRochester — 43.22°N, 76.81°WRochester — 43.26°N, 76.70°WRochester — 43.25°N, 76.64°WTin Mountain — 36.33°N, 116.52°WTin Mountain — 36.44°N, 117.63°WTin Mountain — 36.54°N, 117.04°WTin Mountain — 36.76°N, 117.48°WTin Mountain — 36.39°N, 117.43°WLodgepole — 45.78°N, 108.50°WLodgepole — 46.96°N, 110.49°WLodgepole — 43.83°N, 111.75°WMount Head — 50.38°N, 114.61°WMount Head — 50.48°N, 114.71°WMount Head — 50.62°N, 114.98°WIrondequoit — 43.18°N, 78.72°WIrondequoit — 43.23°N, 77.21°WIrondequoit — 43.23°N, 76.98°WIrondequoit — 43.21°N, 76.88°WIrondequoit — 43.24°N, 76.80°WIrondequoit — 43.26°N, 76.70°WSappington — 46.01°N, 112.54°WSappington — 46.32°N, 111.59°WSappington — 45.88°N, 111.67°WSappington — 45.91°N, 111.96°WSappington — 45.78°N, 111.73°WSappington — 45.78°N, 111.81°WSappington — 45.93°N, 111.32°WSappington — 45.89°N, 111.42°WSappington — 45.88°N, 110.96°WGlen Dean Limestone — 38.37°N, 86.48°WGlen Dean Limestone — 38.15°N, 86.37°WGlen Dean Limestone — 38.03°N, 86.53°WGlen Dean Limestone — 38.50°N, 86.72°WGlen Dean Limestone — 38.40°N, 86.69°WGlen Dean Limestone — 38.37°N, 86.62°WGlen Dean Limestone — 38.17°N, 86.57°WGlen Dean Limestone — 38.10°N, 86.56°WGlen Dean Limestone — 37.90°N, 86.64°WGlen Dean Limestone — 37.48°N, 86.30°WGlen Dean Limestone — 37.83°N, 86.60°WGlen Dean Limestone — 38.89°N, 86.90°WGlen Dean Limestone — 36.94°N, 84.54°WMuldraugh — 40.04°N, 86.87°WLouisiana Limestone — 39.69°N, 91.63°WLouisiana Limestone — 39.72°N, 91.48°WLouisiana Limestone — 39.45°N, 91.05°WLouisiana Limestone — 39.37°N, 90.90°WLouisiana Limestone — 39.30°N, 90.86°WLouisiana Limestone — 39.49°N, 91.32°WLouisiana Limestone — 39.42°N, 91.39°WLouisiana Limestone — 39.51°N, 91.53°WLouisiana Limestone — 39.59°N, 91.40°WRamp Creek — 39.33°N, 86.67°WRamp Creek — 39.03°N, 86.52°WRamp Creek — 39.08°N, 86.58°WLodgepole Limestone — 45.90°N, 111.67°WLodgepole Limestone — 45.78°N, 111.71°WLodgepole Limestone — 45.97°N, 111.54°WLodgepole Limestone — 43.83°N, 111.75°WLodgepole Limestone — 43.66°N, 111.33°WMahantango — 40.50°N, 77.25°WMahantango — 40.05°N, 77.52°WMahantango — 40.33°N, 76.92°WMahantango — 40.33°N, 77.17°WMahantango — 40.42°N, 77.00°WHeath — 46.54°N, 110.43°WHeath — 47.00°N, 109.28°WHeath — 47.12°N, 109.55°WHeath — 46.86°N, 109.26°WHeath — 46.92°N, 109.09°WHeath — 46.79°N, 108.87°WHeath — 46.67°N, 109.13°WEscabrosa Limestone — 31.66°N, 110.90°WEscabrosa Limestone — 31.66°N, 109.66°WEscabrosa Limestone — 32.70°N, 109.37°WWaterhouses Limestone — 53.03°N, 1.87°WWaterhouses Limestone — 52.80°N, 2.10°WParadise — 31.93°N, 109.22°WParadise — 31.93°N, 100.22°WEdwardsville — 39.50°N, 86.50°WEdwardsville — 39.75°N, 86.67°WEdwardsville — 39.25°N, 86.33°WEdwardsville — 39.00°N, 86.33°WEdwardsville — 39.04°N, 86.50°WEdwardsville — 39.33°N, 86.67°WMaynes Creek — 42.83°N, 93.24°WLittle Flat — 43.83°N, 111.75°W

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Spirifer has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 215 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 141 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Spirifer and its relatives

Carboniferous

Where Spirifer and its relatives were recorded in the Carboniferous.

Found in the same rock

1,418 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 804 sites for Spirifer, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

238 references

Each of the 1,059 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 226 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content3

Picture of Spirifer

Credit
Dwergenpaartje
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

Laser scan

Licence
not stated by the source
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
Specimen
Spirifer murchisoni · iu:iupc:2400

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC Attribution
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itSpiriferinae through timeFormations of the CarboniferousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Sowerby 1818)