Hedera

Hedera, commonly called ivy, is a genus of 12–15 species of evergreen climbing or ground-creeping woody plants in the family Araliaceae, native to Western Europe, Central Europe, Southern Europe, Macaronesia, northwestern Africa and across central-southern Asia east to Japan and Taiwan. Several species are cultivated as climbing ornamentals, and the name ivy especially denotes common ivy, known in North America as "English ivy", which is frequently planted to clothe brick walls.

Hedera

Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
ivyPBDB
Sits inside
AraliaceaePBDB
Diet
"photoautotroph"PBDB, for Angiospermae

Time the record covers

At least 91 million years on record.

The record covers at least 93.9 Mya to 2.58 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 100.5 Mya to 11.7 ka.

Early Cretaceous — about 0 of 15 occurrencesLate Cretaceous — about 3 of 15 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 0 of 15 occurrencesEocene — about 0 of 15 occurrencesOligocene — about 1 of 15 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 1 of 15 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 5 of 15 occurrencesPleistocene — about 5 of 15 occurrences103–99 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences99–96 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences96–92 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences85–82 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences82–79 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences79–75 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences75–72 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences27–24 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences24–21 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences17–14 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences14–10 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences6.8–3.4 Mya — about 3 occurrences3.4–0 Mya — about 7 occurrences93.9 Mya2.58 Mya103 Mya0 Mya

15 occurrences of Hedera on record, most of them in the Pliocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

15 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

3 formations

Black Creek — 34.61°N, 79.88°WBlack Creek — 34.31°N, 79.84°WDunvegan — 56.22°N, 120.12°WNiveau du gypse d'Aix — 43.52°N, 5.45°E

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The named rock units Hedera has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 11 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Hedera and its relatives

Pliocene

Where Hedera and its relatives were recorded in the Pliocene.

Found in the same rock

217 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 10 sites for Hedera, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

9 references

Each of the 15 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Hedera

Credit
Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC0 Public Domain
Commercial use
the licence allows it

MorphoSource was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itAraliaceae through timeFormations of the PlioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Linnaeus 1753