Gnathostomata

Gnathostomata are jawed vertebrates. Gnathostome diversity comprises roughly 60,000 species, which accounts for 99% of all extant vertebrates, including all living bony fishes and cartilaginous fishes, as well as extinct prehistoric fish such as placoderms and acanthodians. Most gnathostomes have retained ancestral traits like true teeth, a stomach, and paired appendages. Other traits are elastin, horizontal semicircular canal of the inner ear, myelinated neurons, and an adaptive immune system which has discrete lymphoid organs and uses V(D)J recombination to create antigen recognition sites, rather than using genetic recombination in the variable lymphocyte receptor gene.

Gnathostomata

Chris Woodrich · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
jawed fishPBDB
Sits inside
VertebrataPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Chordata

Time the record covers

At least 438 million years on record.

The record covers at least 438.6 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 443.1 Mya to 0 Mya.

Ordovician — about 0 of 12000 occurrencesSilurian — about 27 of 12000 occurrencesDevonian — about 23 of 12000 occurrencesDevonianCarboniferous — about 77 of 12000 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 67 of 12000 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 1 of 12000 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 5 of 12000 occurrencesLate Triassic — about 82 of 12000 occurrencesEarly Jurassic — about 13 of 12000 occurrencesMiddle Jurassic — about 0 of 12000 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 23 of 12000 occurrencesEarly Cretaceous — about 122 of 12000 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 1501 of 12000 occurrencesPaleocene — about 4169 of 12000 occurrencesEocene — about 5275 of 12000 occurrencesOligocene — about 39 of 12000 occurrencesMiocene — about 365 of 12000 occurrencesPliocene — about 87 of 12000 occurrencesPleistocene — about 104 of 12000 occurrences452–437 Mya — about 1 occurrence437–422 Mya — about 14 occurrences422–407 Mya — about 19 occurrences407–392 Mya — about 1 occurrence392–377 Mya — about 4 occurrences377–362 Mya — about 7 occurrences362–347 Mya — about 16 occurrences347–331 Mya — about 29 occurrences331–316 Mya — about 25 occurrences316–301 Mya — about 5 occurrences301–286 Mya — about 25 occurrences286–271 Mya — about 19 occurrences271–256 Mya — about 21 occurrences256–241 Mya — about 8 occurrences241–226 Mya — about 62 occurrences226–211 Mya — about 15 occurrences211–196 Mya — about 14 occurrences196–181 Mya — about 7 occurrences166–151 Mya — about 9 occurrences151–136 Mya — about 31 occurrences136–121 Mya — about 44 occurrences121–105 Mya — about 48 occurrences105–90 Mya — about 189 occurrences90–75 Mya — about 351 occurrences75–60 Mya — about 2969 occurrences60–45 Mya — about 7254 occurrences45–30 Mya — about 210 occurrences30–15 Mya — about 73 occurrences15–0 Mya — about 528 occurrences438.6 Mya11.7 ka452 Mya0 Mya

12,000+ occurrences of Gnathostomata on record. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

12,000 occurrences read

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. The read hit its cap, so every figure above is a floor and the shares are of the occurrences read. More on what this infers.

Found in

at least 313 formations

Willwood — 43.03°N, 108.38°WWillwood — 44.78°N, 108.97°WWillwood — 44.30°N, 109.00°WWillwood — 44.82°N, 109.05°WWillwood — 43.95°N, 107.57°WWillwood — 44.50°N, 108.00°WWillwood — 44.00°N, 108.00°WWillwood — 44.65°N, 108.54°WWillwood — 44.60°N, 108.32°WWillwood — 44.64°N, 108.43°WWillwood — 44.53°N, 108.39°WWillwood — 44.53°N, 108.32°WWillwood — 44.65°N, 109.93°WWillwood — 44.59°N, 108.86°WWillwood — 44.49°N, 108.54°WWillwood — 44.42°N, 108.69°WWillwood — 44.38°N, 108.80°WWillwood — 44.44°N, 108.63°WWillwood — 44.49°N, 108.81°WWillwood — 44.50°N, 108.67°WWillwood — 44.56°N, 108.70°WWillwood — 44.59°N, 108.62°WWillwood — 44.65°N, 108.76°WFort Union — 47.60°N, 107.00°WFort Union — 47.10°N, 104.80°WFort Union — 47.80°N, 106.10°WFort Union — 43.85°N, 108.35°WFort Union — 43.70°N, 108.70°WFort Union — 44.30°N, 109.00°WFort Union — 46.05°N, 104.48°WFort Union — 45.80°N, 104.40°WFort Union — 41.70°N, 109.00°WFort Union — 41.30°N, 107.74°WFort Union — 44.50°N, 108.00°WFort Union — 45.80°N, 109.80°WFort Union — 46.70°N, 101.80°WFort Union — 48.50°N, 101.90°WFort Union — 46.90°N, 101.50°WFort Union — 46.59°N, 101.74°WFort Union — 46.90°N, 103.90°WFort Union — 45.80°N, 110.50°WFort Union — 44.72°N, 108.38°WFort Union — 44.68°N, 108.32°WFort Union — 45.20°N, 109.00°WFort Union — 44.89°N, 108.93°WFort Union — 43.20°N, 107.10°WFort Union — 45.10°N, 106.90°WFort Union — 45.40°N, 105.60°WFort Union — 43.45°N, 109.16°WFort Union — 41.92°N, 108.56°WFort Union — 44.72°N, 108.62°WFort Union — 43.20°N, 108.20°WWasatch — 41.80°N, 110.70°WWasatch — 41.27°N, 110.33°WWasatch — 43.25°N, 110.42°WWasatch — 42.70°N, 110.10°WWasatch — 40.60°N, 108.10°WWasatch — 41.70°N, 109.00°WWasatch — 41.80°N, 107.00°WWasatch — 41.20°N, 110.50°WWasatch — 43.20°N, 108.20°WWasatch — 42.37°N, 108.91°WWasatch — 40.00°N, 107.90°WDeBeque — 40.00°N, 107.90°WDeBeque — 39.20°N, 108.20°WDeBeque — 39.27°N, 108.18°WDeBeque — 39.70°N, 107.60°WDeBeque — 38.70°N, 107.60°WHell Creek — 47.64°N, 106.57°WHell Creek — 47.70°N, 106.23°WHell Creek — 47.80°N, 106.10°WHell Creek — 47.63°N, 106.20°WHell Creek — 47.55°N, 107.12°WHell Creek — 47.62°N, 107.32°WHell Creek — 47.60°N, 107.00°WHell Creek — 47.65°N, 106.65°WHell Creek — 47.52°N, 106.98°WHell Creek — 46.30°N, 104.50°WHell Creek — 47.57°N, 107.10°WHell Creek — 45.50°N, 103.10°WHell Creek — 47.52°N, 106.40°WHell Creek — 47.60°N, 106.38°WHell Creek — 47.58°N, 106.30°WHell Creek — 47.55°N, 107.25°WHell Creek — 47.87°N, 106.18°WHell Creek — 47.52°N, 107.18°WHell Creek — 47.53°N, 106.92°WHell Creek — 47.07°N, 106.92°WHell Creek — 47.10°N, 104.80°WHell Creek — 47.70°N, 106.55°WHell Creek — 47.73°N, 106.50°WHell Creek — 45.40°N, 105.60°WHell Creek — 46.10°N, 103.30°WHell Creek — 47.60°N, 107.23°WHell Creek — 47.68°N, 106.43°WHell Creek — 46.90°N, 101.50°WHell Creek — 47.80°N, 106.21°WNacimiento — 36.30°N, 108.20°WNacimiento — 36.31°N, 108.00°WNacimiento — 35.70°N, 107.00°WNacimiento — 36.57°N, 107.97°WNacimiento — 36.18°N, 107.58°WNacimiento — 36.27°N, 107.76°WWind River — 43.20°N, 107.10°WWind River — 44.00°N, 106.60°WWind River — 43.20°N, 108.20°WPaskapoo — 51.00°N, 114.10°WPaskapoo — 51.90°N, 113.30°WPaskapoo — 53.23°N, 114.70°WPaskapoo — 52.40°N, 113.80°WPaskapoo — 52.30°N, 113.80°WPaskapoo — 52.20°N, 113.70°WPaskapoo — 51.10°N, 114.50°WPaskapoo — 51.18°N, 114.43°WPaskapoo — 52.60°N, 114.10°WPaskapoo — 52.00°N, 114.30°WPaskapoo — 52.20°N, 113.60°WPaskapoo — 51.50°N, 112.30°WPaskapoo — 52.40°N, 116.10°WPaskapoo — 54.80°N, 115.46°WPaskapoo — 54.80°N, 115.80°WPaskapoo — 51.20°N, 112.50°WLance — 43.18°N, 104.53°WLance — 43.00°N, 104.50°WLance — 43.10°N, 104.60°WLance — 41.57°N, 108.67°WLance — 43.15°N, 104.57°WLance — 43.25°N, 104.65°WLance — 44.94°N, 108.85°WLance — 43.30°N, 104.37°WLance — 43.13°N, 104.49°WLance — 43.25°N, 104.52°WLance — 43.80°N, 104.62°WSan Jose — 36.50°N, 107.00°WSan Jose — 35.70°N, 107.00°WFerris — 41.94°N, 106.88°WFerris — 41.80°N, 107.00°WFerris — 41.96°N, 106.89°WFerris — 41.94°N, 106.85°WNorth Horn — 39.27°N, 111.25°WNorth Horn — 39.00°N, 111.00°WNorth Horn — 39.17°N, 111.27°WNorth Horn — 39.10°N, 111.80°WRavenscrag — 49.50°N, 109.20°WRavenscrag — 49.60°N, 108.70°WRavenscrag — 49.70°N, 110.10°WRavenscrag — 49.06°N, 102.75°WJudith River — 47.70°N, 110.70°WJudith River — 46.42°N, 109.27°WJudith River — 48.92°N, 110.58°WJudith River — 46.46°N, 109.41°WJudith River — 48.57°N, 109.68°WJudith River — 47.81°N, 109.59°WJudith River — 48.98°N, 110.52°WJudith River — 46.10°N, 109.10°WJudith River — 46.47°N, 109.30°WJudith River — 48.93°N, 110.65°WCedar Mountain — 39.00°N, 111.00°WCedar Mountain — 38.66°N, 111.24°WCedar Mountain — 38.94°N, 111.08°WCedar Mountain — 38.80°N, 111.17°WBlack Peaks — 29.20°N, 103.20°WBlack Peaks — 29.28°N, 103.55°WBlack Peaks — 29.42°N, 103.10°WBlack Peaks — 29.46°N, 103.15°WEarnley — 51.08°N, 1.17°W"Fort Union" (= Lebo) — 46.20°N, 109.90°W"Fort Union" (= Lebo) — 45.80°N, 109.80°WScollard — 51.80°N, 112.98°WScollard — 51.91°N, 113.03°WScollard — 51.93°N, 113.23°WScollard — 52.33°N, 113.12°WHanna — 41.80°N, 107.00°W"Wasatch" — 44.50°N, 108.00°W"Wasatch" — 40.20°N, 109.90°W"Wasatch" — 44.00°N, 106.60°W"Wasatch" — 43.90°N, 105.70°WNagri — 32.77°N, 72.50°EFrenchman — 49.50°N, 109.10°WFrenchman — 49.40°N, 107.40°WFrenchman — 49.30°N, 108.40°WFrenchman — 49.50°N, 109.20°WFrenchman — 49.20°N, 109.20°WMilk River — 49.10°N, 111.80°W

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The named rock units Gnathostomata has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. The read hit its cap, so each count is a floor. 289 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 1,600 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Found in the same rock

2,821 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records at least 664 sites for Gnathostomata, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

at least 835 references

Each of the 12,000 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. That read hit its cap, so each count is a floor. 823 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Gnathostomata

Credit
Chris Woodrich
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Gnathostomata was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itVertebrata through timeThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Gegenbauer 1874)