Craniopsida

Craniopsidae is an extinct family of craniiform brachiopods which lived from the mid-Cambrian to the Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian). It is the only family in the monotypic superfamily Craniopsoidea and the monotypic order Craniopsida. If one includes the ambiguous Cambrian genus Discinopsis, craniopsids were the first craniiforms to appear, and may be ancestral to craniids and trimerellides. An even earlier Cambrian genus, Heliomedusa, has sometimes been identified as a craniopsid. More recently, Heliomedusa has been considered a stem-group brachiopod related to Mickwitzia.

No picture of Craniopsida was found. Wikipedia, Wikidata, iDigBio and Smithsonian Open Access were searched and had none. GBIF was asked, and what came back is not recorded: nothing, or a picture this site could not tie to Craniopsida, or no answer at all. This entry cannot say which.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
CraniataPBDB
Diet
suspension feederPBDB
Life habit
epifaunalPBDB
Motility
stationaryPBDB
Vision
blindPBDB, for Craniata
Environment
marinePBDB, for Craniata

Time the record covers

At least 157 million years on record.

The record covers at least 509.7 Mya to 351.9 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 515.3 Mya to 342.9 Mya.

Cambrian — about 2 of 422 occurrencesCambrianOrdovician — about 157 of 422 occurrencesOrdovicianSilurian — about 193 of 422 occurrencesSilurianDevonian — about 69 of 422 occurrencesDevonianCarboniferous — about 1 of 422 occurrencesCarboniferous519–513 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences513–507 Mya — about 1 occurrence459–453 Mya — about 51 occurrences453–447 Mya — about 78 occurrences447–441 Mya — about 59 occurrences441–435 Mya — about 32 occurrences435–429 Mya — about 45 occurrences429–423 Mya — about 64 occurrences423–417 Mya — about 24 occurrences417–411 Mya — about 2 occurrences411–405 Mya — about 3 occurrences405–399 Mya — about 4 occurrences399–393 Mya — about 4 occurrences393–387 Mya — about 15 occurrences387–381 Mya — about 39 occurrences381–375 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences375–369 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences357–351 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences351–345 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences345–339 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences509.7 Mya351.9 Mya519 Mya339 Mya

422 occurrences of Craniopsida on record, most of them in the Silurian. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group, and the chart stops with its fossils rather than at the present. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

422 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

156 formations

Martinsburg — 36.95°N, 81.08°WMartinsburg — 38.51°N, 78.63°WMartinsburg — 40.48°N, 76.53°WMartinsburg — 36.90°N, 81.53°WMartinsburg — 37.35°N, 80.81°WMartinsburg — 37.38°N, 80.86°WOverton — 52.48°N, 2.63°WRochester Shale — 43.15°N, 77.62°WRochester Shale — 43.10°N, 79.06°WRochester Shale — 43.20°N, 77.53°WRochester Shale — 43.17°N, 78.68°WRochester Shale — 43.15°N, 77.72°WRochester Shale — 43.22°N, 76.82°WRochester Shale — 39.65°N, 78.76°WMoscow — 42.88°N, 78.42°WMoscow — 42.77°N, 77.82°WMoscow — 42.71°N, 78.94°WMoscow — 42.82°N, 78.68°WMoscow — 42.81°N, 77.90°WMoscow — 42.68°N, 76.74°WMoscow — 42.81°N, 75.91°WMoscow — 42.55°N, 74.82°WMoscow — 42.61°N, 74.88°WSkaneateles — 42.87°N, 77.88°WSkaneateles — 42.92°N, 75.93°WSkaneateles — 42.90°N, 76.22°WSkaneateles — 42.89°N, 76.13°WSkaneateles — 42.93°N, 76.99°WSkaneateles — 42.87°N, 75.56°WHirmuse — 59.00°N, 26.00°EHirmuse — 59.26°N, 27.00°EHirmuse — 59.31°N, 27.08°EHirmuse — 59.35°N, 26.39°ESilica — 41.12°N, 84.85°WWenallt — 51.83°N, 3.58°WVerulam — 44.50°N, 78.58°WVerulam — 44.50°N, 78.67°WVerulam — 44.50°N, 78.97°WVerulam — 44.02°N, 77.15°WRochester — 43.16°N, 79.05°WRochester — 43.18°N, 78.72°WRochester — 43.23°N, 76.98°WRochester — 43.19°N, 76.91°WRochester — 43.22°N, 76.81°WKope — 39.00°N, 84.00°WKope — 39.01°N, 84.45°WMahantango — 40.50°N, 77.25°WMahantango — 40.42°N, 77.17°WMahantango — 40.42°N, 77.00°WCanon de Caballeros — 23.75°N, 99.26°WLudlowville — 42.76°N, 78.65°WLudlowville — 42.78°N, 78.79°WWilliamson Shale — 43.22°N, 77.19°WWilliamson Shale — 43.00°N, 76.00°WWilliamson Shale — 43.00°N, 75.00°WWilliamson Shale — 43.00°N, 77.00°WTaemas — 34.95°S, 148.82°ETaemas — 34.94°S, 148.82°EElton Beds — 52.37°N, 2.73°WElton Beds — 52.17°N, 3.42°WElton Beds — 52.12°N, 3.55°WRiga — 54.65°N, 23.03°ERiga — 55.08°N, 25.42°EPonta Grossa — 24.25°S, 49.70°WPonta Grossa — 25.08°S, 50.15°WPonta Grossa — 24.50°S, 50.40°WTaldyboi — 48.79°N, 79.04°ETaldyboi — 48.81°N, 78.83°EVaureal — 49.77°N, 63.64°WVaureal — 49.73°N, 63.83°WVaureal — 49.82°N, 64.35°WLorraine — 46.22°N, 72.62°WLorraine — 45.56°N, 73.18°WLorraine — 45.38°N, 75.60°WFairview — 39.00°N, 84.00°WFairview — 39.03°N, 84.51°WSolvik — 59.92°N, 10.75°E

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The named rock units Craniopsida has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 132 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 62 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Craniopsida and its relatives

Silurian

Where Craniopsida and its relatives were recorded in the Silurian.

Found in the same rock

2,039 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 405 sites for Craniopsida, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

125 references

Each of the 422 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 113 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content0

No picture of Craniopsida was found. Wikipedia, Wikidata, iDigBio and Smithsonian Open Access were searched and had none.

GBIF was asked, and what came back is not recorded: nothing, or a picture this site could not tie to Craniopsida, or no answer at all. This entry cannot say which.

No 3D scan was found. Smithsonian Open Access, MorphoSource and Sketchfab were all searched.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itCraniata through timeFormations of the SilurianThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Gorjansky and Popov 1985