Zelkova

Zelkova is a genus of six species of deciduous trees in the elm family Ulmaceae, native to southern Europe, and southwest and eastern Asia. They vary in size from shrubs to large trees up to 35 m (115 ft) tall. The bark is smooth, dark brown. Unlike elms, the branchlets are never corky or winged. The leaves are alternate, with serrated margins, and a symmetrical base to the leaf blade. The leaves are in two distinct rows; they have pinnate venation and each vein extends to the leaf margin, where it terminates in a tooth. There are two stipules at each node, though these are caducous, leaving a pair of scars at the leaf base. Zelkova is polygamous. Staminate flowers are clustered in the lower leaf axils of young branchlets; the perianth is campanulate, with four to six lobes, and the stamens are short. Pistillate and hermaphrodite flowers are solitary, or rarely in clusters of two to four, in the upper leaf axils of young branchlets. The fruit is a dry, nut-like drupe with a dorsal keel, produced singly in the leaf axils. The perianth and stigma are persistent.

Zelkova

KENPEI · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
zelkovaPBDB
Sits inside
UlmaceaePBDB
Diet
"photoautotroph"PBDB, for Angiospermae

Time the record covers

At least 72 million years on record.

The record covers at least 72.2 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 89.8 Mya to 0 Mya.

Late Cretaceous — about 1 of 107 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 14 of 107 occurrencesPaleoceneEocene — about 17 of 107 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 13 of 107 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 50 of 107 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 7 of 107 occurrencesPleistocene — about 5 of 107 occurrences92–89 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences89–85 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences85–82 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences82–79 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences79–76 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences76–73 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences73–70 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences67–64 Mya — about 3 occurrences64–61 Mya — about 5 occurrences61–58 Mya — about 4 occurrences58–55 Mya — about 3 occurrences55–52 Mya — about 2 occurrences52–49 Mya — about 2 occurrences49–46 Mya — about 2 occurrences46–43 Mya — about 2 occurrences43–40 Mya — about 1 occurrence40–37 Mya — about 2 occurrences37–34 Mya — about 4 occurrences34–31 Mya — about 4 occurrences31–27 Mya — about 4 occurrences27–24 Mya — about 3 occurrences24–21 Mya — about 4 occurrences21–18 Mya — about 6 occurrences18–15 Mya — about 7 occurrences15–12 Mya — about 12 occurrences12–9.2 Mya — about 10 occurrences9.2–6.1 Mya — about 9 occurrences6.1–3.1 Mya — about 7 occurrences3.1–0 Mya — about 8 occurrences72.2 Mya11.7 ka92 Mya0 Mya

107 occurrences of Zelkova on record, most of them in the Miocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

107 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

44 formations

Fort Union — 47.10°N, 104.72°WFort Union — 46.42°N, 105.83°WFort Union — 46.35°N, 110.40°WFort Union — 46.43°N, 107.82°WFort Union — 45.80°N, 106.82°WFort Union — 47.22°N, 104.67°WFort Union — 45.88°N, 106.62°WFort Union — 45.91°N, 106.22°WFort Union — 45.47°N, 103.21°WItahana — 36.25°N, 138.50°EItahana — 36.25°N, 139.00°EItahana — 36.50°N, 139.00°EItahana — 36.32°N, 138.85°ERenova — 45.20°N, 112.16°WRenova — 45.50°N, 112.50°WGreen River — 39.78°N, 107.87°WGreen River — 39.00°N, 110.10°WGreen River — 39.00°N, 110.00°WYagii — 36.08°N, 139.17°EOgawa — 36.42°N, 138.08°EOgawa — 36.50°N, 138.00°EAldrich Station — 38.49°N, 118.90°WSalmon City — 45.18°N, 113.88°WSanta Maria di Ciciliano — 42.65°N, 12.49°EMotojuku — 36.25°N, 138.75°ENagaiwa — 36.00°N, 138.00°EChausuyama — 36.58°N, 138.17°ESeto Porcelain Clay — 35.00°N, 137.00°ETokoname — 34.67°N, 136.92°EPaskapoo — 54.33°N, 118.75°WEifel — 50.10°N, 6.84°EOkinoyama — 34.00°N, 131.00°EBuffalo Canyon — 39.20°N, 117.78°WBovey Tracey Lignite — 50.58°N, 3.68°WChloropagus — 39.58°N, 119.37°WExtension — 49.00°N, 124.00°WJohn Day — 44.14°N, 120.27°WBeaverdam — 42.24°N, 114.08°WTemblor — 36.14°N, 120.36°W

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Zelkova has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 20 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 35 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Zelkova and its relatives

Miocene

Where Zelkova and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

953 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 85 sites for Zelkova, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

38 references

Each of the 107 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 26 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Zelkova

Credit
KENPEI
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC0 Public Domain
Commercial use
the licence allows it

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itUlmaceae through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Spach 1841