Xanthium
Xanthium (cocklebur) is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae, native to the Americas and eastern Asia and some parts of south Asia.
George Chernilevsky · CC BY 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.
On record
Recorded, not inferred- Also called
- cockleburPBDB
- Sits inside
- AsteraceaePBDB
- Diet
- "photoautotroph"PBDB, for Angiospermae
Time the record covers
At least 1.3 million years on record.
The record covers at least 1.4 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 9.4 Mya to 0 Mya.
8 occurrences of Xanthium on record, most of them in the Pleistocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.
When
8 occurrences- Miocene6%
- Pliocene4%
- Pleistocene77%
- Holocene13%
These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.
Xanthium and its relatives
PleistoceneWhere Xanthium and its relatives were recorded in the Pleistocene.
Found in the same rock
367 taxa- Asteraceae7 sites
- Poaceae7 sites
- Caryophyllaceae6 sites
- Cerealia6 sites
- Apiaceae5 sites
- Cyperaceae5 sites
- Liliaceae5 sites
- Polygonum5 sites
- Artemisia4 sites
- Fabaceae4 sites
- Lamiaceae4 sites
- Myrtaceae4 sites
- Oleaceae4 sites
- Plantago4 sites
- Typha angustata4 sites
- Acanthaceae3 sites
- Alnus3 sites
- Betula3 sites
- Boraginaceae3 sites
- Justicia3 sites
- Malvaceae3 sites
- Nymphoides3 sites
- Pinus roxburghii3 sites
- Potamogeton3 sites
The Paleobiology Database records 8 sites for Xanthium, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.
This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.
Entered from
3 references- A Catalogue of Fossil Plants from India Part 6: Cenozoic (Quaternary) Palynology and Palaeobotany6
- The Pipe Creek Sinkhole biota, a diverse late Tertiary continental fossil assemblage from Grant County, Indiana1
- The fossil plants from Vero, Florida1
Each of the 8 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.
Media and terms
Media content2
Picture of Xanthium
- Source
- Wikipedia/Commons
- Credit
- George Chernilevsky
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0
- Commercial use
- the licence allows it
3D model
- Source
- Sketchfab
- Licence
- CC0 Public Domain
- Commercial use
- the licence allows it
Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.
The description on this site
- Source
- Wikipedia, “Xanthium”
- Licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.
Keep going
What may have been alongside itAsteraceae through timeFormations of the PleistoceneThe world it lived on
Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Linnaeus 1753