Macaca

The macaques constitute a genus (Macaca) of gregarious Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. The 23 species of macaques inhabit ranges throughout Asia, North Africa, and Europe. Macaques are principally frugivorous, although their diet also includes seeds, leaves, flowers, and tree bark. Some species such as the long-tailed macaque will supplement their diets with small amounts of meat from shellfish, insects, and small mammals. On average, a southern pig-tailed macaque in Malaysia eats about 70 large rats each year. All macaque social groups are arranged around dominant matriarchs.

Macaca

Shantanu Kuveskar · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
macaquePBDB
Sits inside
PapioniniPBDB
Diet
frugivore, folivorePBDB, for Cercopithecidae
Life habit
arborealPBDB, for Cercopithecidae
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Eutheria

Time the record covers

At least 7.2 million years on record.

The record covers at least 7.246 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 11.63 Mya to 0 Mya.

Miocene — about 8 of 102 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 13 of 102 occurrencesPliocenePleistocene — about 80 of 102 occurrencesPleistoceneHolocene — about 1 of 102 occurrences12–11 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences11–11 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences11–11 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences11–10 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences10–9.7 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences9.7–9.3 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences9.3–8.9 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences8.9–8.5 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences8.5–8.1 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences8.1–7.7 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences7.7–7.3 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences7.3–6.9 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences6.9–6.5 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences6.5–6.1 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences6.1–5.7 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences5.7–5.3 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences5.3–4.9 Mya — about 2 occurrences4.9–4.4 Mya — about 2 occurrences4.4–4.0 Mya — about 2 occurrences4.0–3.6 Mya — about 2 occurrences3.6–3.2 Mya — about 2 occurrences3.2–2.8 Mya — about 2 occurrences2.8–2.4 Mya — about 3 occurrences2.4–2.0 Mya — about 6 occurrences2.0–1.6 Mya — about 6 occurrences1.6–1.2 Mya — about 5 occurrences1.2–809 ka Mya — about 5 occurrences809 ka–404 ka Mya — about 22 occurrences404 ka–0 Mya — about 35 occurrences7.246 Mya11.7 ka12.1 Mya0 Mya

102 occurrences of Macaca on record, most of them in the Pleistocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

102 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

8 formations

Adu-Asa — 10.43°N, 40.42°EAdu-Asa — 10.32°N, 40.25°ESahabi — 30.14°N, 20.75°E'Ubeidiya — 32.68°N, 35.57°ECromer Forest Bed — 52.94°N, 1.25°ECigarron — 37.92°N, 1.16°Wfacies à Congeria — 45.05°N, 7.93°EChi-Ting — 22.96°N, 119.78°EHengchun Limestone — 21.97°N, 120.81°E

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The named rock units Macaca has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 92 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Macaca and its relatives

Pleistocene

Where Macaca and its relatives were recorded in the Pleistocene.

Found in the same rock

1,139 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 91 sites for Macaca, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

65 references

Each of the 102 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 53 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Macaca

Credit
Shantanu Kuveskar
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC Attribution
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itPapionini through timeFormations of the PleistoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Lacépède 1799