Ellimmichthyiformes

The Ellimmichthyiformes, also known as double-armored herrings, are an extinct order of ray-finned fish known from the Late Jurassic to the Oligocene. They were the sister group to the extant true herrings, shad and anchovies in the order Clupeiformes, with both orders belonging to the suborder Clupeomorpha. Some studies suggest that the order may be potentially paraphyletic with respect to crown-group Clupeiformes, although more comprehensive studies support them as being a monophyletic group.

Ellimmichthyiformes

Yinan Chen · Public Domain · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
ClupeomorphaPBDB
Diet
carnivorePBDB
Life habit
nektonicPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB

Time the record covers

At least 74 million years on record.

The record covers at least 125.77 Mya to 51.1 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 143.1 Mya to 33.9 Mya.

Late Jurassic — about 0 of 97 occurrencesEarly Cretaceous — about 29 of 97 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 49 of 97 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 8 of 97 occurrencesPaleoceneEocene — about 11 of 97 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 0 of 97 occurrences145–141 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences141–138 Mya — about 1 occurrence138–134 Mya — about 2 occurrences134–130 Mya — about 2 occurrences130–126 Mya — about 2 occurrences126–123 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences123–119 Mya — about 1 occurrence119–115 Mya — about 2 occurrences115–111 Mya — about 6 occurrences111–107 Mya — about 6 occurrences107–104 Mya — about 4 occurrences104–100 Mya — about 5 occurrences100–96 Mya — about 14 occurrences96–92 Mya — about 8 occurrences92–89 Mya — about 1 occurrence89–85 Mya — about 1 occurrence85–81 Mya — about 3 occurrences81–77 Mya — about 2 occurrences77–73 Mya — about 2 occurrences73–70 Mya — about 7 occurrences70–66 Mya — about 8 occurrences66–62 Mya — about 7 occurrences62–58 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences58–54 Mya — about 2 occurrences54–51 Mya — about 5 occurrences51–47 Mya — about 2 occurrences47–43 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences43–39 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences39–36 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences36–32 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences125.77 Mya51.1 Mya145 Mya32 Mya

97 occurrences of Ellimmichthyiformes on record, most of them in the Late Cretaceous. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group, and the chart stops with its fossils rather than at the present. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

97 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

28 formations

Green River — 41.77°N, 110.75°WGreen River — 41.87°N, 110.68°WGreen River — 41.67°N, 110.67°WGreen River — 41.78°N, 110.73°WGreen River — 42.13°N, 110.13°WGreen River — 41.63°N, 109.50°WGreen River — 41.56°N, 109.55°WGreen River — 42.17°N, 109.42°WEl Molino — 17.69°S, 65.94°WEl Molino — 13.96°S, 68.69°WEl Molino — 19.55°S, 65.88°WEl Molino — 21.08°S, 66.47°WEl Molino — 19.54°S, 65.82°WEl Molino — 19.28°S, 66.85°WEl Molino — 17.78°S, 63.30°WTlayúa — 18.59°N, 97.90°WYacoraite — 25.38°S, 65.95°WYacoraite — 25.88°S, 64.95°WYacoraite — 25.24°S, 65.23°WYacoraite — 25.20°S, 65.75°WYacoraite — 25.01°S, 65.88°WYacoraite — 23.32°S, 65.54°WYacoraite — 23.05°S, 65.55°WSannine — 34.06°N, 35.69°EThird — 33.83°N, 130.85°ESierra Madre — 16.68°N, 93.46°WAkrabou — 30.51°N, 4.84°WHorseshoe Canyon — 52.00°N, 112.88°WNaturita — 37.80°N, 111.50°WDinosaur Park — 50.68°N, 108.09°WDinosaur Park — 50.78°N, 111.36°WMilk River — 49.10°N, 111.80°WCintalapa — 16.57°N, 93.27°WBet Meir or Amminadav — 31.95°N, 35.26°EDunvegan — 54.95°N, 118.87°WVillaro — 43.12°N, 2.77°WForemost — 49.60°N, 111.00°WWasatch — 41.53°N, 108.56°WSanta Lucía — 18.03°S, 65.58°WNavay — 7.87°N, 71.26°WYacoraite — 18.28°S, 65.40°WChaunaca — 19.26°S, 65.90°WStarigrad Limestone — 43.19°N, 16.65°ELoon River — 60.02°N, 116.95°W

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The named rock units Ellimmichthyiformes has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 4 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 22 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Ellimmichthyiformes and its relatives

Late Cretaceous

Where Ellimmichthyiformes and its relatives were recorded in the Late Cretaceous.

Found in the same rock

730 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 75 sites for Ellimmichthyiformes, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

47 references

Each of the 97 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 35 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Ellimmichthyiformes

Credit
Yinan Chen
Licence
Public Domain
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Ellimmichthyiformes was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itClupeomorpha through timeFormations of the Late CretaceousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Grande 1982