Aquifoliaceae

Ilex or holly is a genus of over 570 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family. Ilex has the most species of any woody dioecious angiosperm genus. The species are evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs, and climbers from tropics to temperate zones worldwide. The type species is Ilex aquifolium, the common European holly used in Christmas decorations and cards.

Aquifoliaceae

Jürgen Howaldt · CC BY-SA 2.0 de · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
AquifolialesPBDB
Diet
"photoautotroph"PBDB, for Angiospermae

Time the record covers

At least 93 million years on record.

The record covers at least 93.9 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 143.1 Mya to 0 Mya.

Late Jurassic — about 0 of 300 occurrencesEarly Cretaceous — about 1 of 300 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 13 of 300 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 23 of 300 occurrencesEocene — about 73 of 300 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 10 of 300 occurrencesMiocene — about 100 of 300 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 43 of 300 occurrencesPleistocene — about 31 of 300 occurrences146–141 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences141–136 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences136–131 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences131–127 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences127–122 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences122–117 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences117–112 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences112–107 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences107–102 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences102–97 Mya — about 1 occurrence97–92 Mya — about 2 occurrences92–88 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences88–83 Mya — about 1 occurrence83–78 Mya — about 1.0 occurrences78–73 Mya — about 1.0 occurrences73–68 Mya — about 4 occurrences68–63 Mya — about 8 occurrences63–58 Mya — about 7 occurrences58–54 Mya — about 15 occurrences54–49 Mya — about 11 occurrences49–44 Mya — about 17 occurrences44–39 Mya — about 18 occurrences39–34 Mya — about 20 occurrences34–29 Mya — about 4 occurrences29–24 Mya — about 5 occurrences24–19 Mya — about 14 occurrences19–15 Mya — about 23 occurrences15–9.7 Mya — about 46 occurrences9.7–4.9 Mya — about 26 occurrences4.9–0 Mya — about 74 occurrences93.9 Mya11.7 ka146 Mya0 Mya

300 occurrences of Aquifoliaceae on record, most of them in the Miocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

300 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

56 formations

Río Turbio — 51.60°S, 72.30°WLefipán — 42.67°S, 69.83°WYaw — 23.23°N, 94.25°EGatun — 9.27°N, 79.87°WGatun — 9.13°N, 79.95°WCulebra — 9.03°N, 79.63°WItahana — 36.25°N, 138.50°EItahana — 36.25°N, 139.00°ECalvert — 38.16°N, 76.83°WCalvert — 38.67°N, 76.70°WSagavanirktok — 69.79°N, 148.64°WSagavanirktok — 69.76°N, 148.79°WOkinoyama — 34.00°N, 131.00°ESanta Maria di Ciciliano — 42.65°N, 12.49°ENanjemoy — 38.17°N, 77.04°WMonte Chico — 51.59°S, 72.41°WOgawa — 36.42°N, 138.08°ENaturita — 39.11°N, 109.14°WNaturita — 39.00°N, 109.00°WDenver — 39.75°N, 105.22°WMorwell — 38.23°S, 146.62°EWinona — 32.22°N, 88.84°WTallahatta — 32.33°N, 88.78°WTuscaloosa — 33.92°N, 87.74°WTuscaloosa — 33.17°N, 87.43°WOhoka — 36.42°N, 138.00°ESeto Porcelain Clay — 35.00°N, 137.00°EYadagawa — 35.00°N, 136.00°EValentine — 42.00°N, 100.43°WEifel — 50.10°N, 6.84°E

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The named rock units Aquifoliaceae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 32 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 187 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Aquifoliaceae and its relatives

Miocene

Where Aquifoliaceae and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

2,043 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 195 sites for Aquifoliaceae, and this reads all of them. Of that, one read hit the database's own return limit, so every count below is a floor rather than a total. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

77 references

Each of the 300 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 65 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Aquifoliaceae

Credit
Jürgen Howaldt
Licence
CC BY-SA 2.0 de
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Aquifoliaceae was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itAquifoliales through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Richard 1820