Acanthuriformes

Acanthuriformes is a large, diverse order of mostly marine ray-finned fishes, part of the Percomorpha clade. In the past, members of this clade were placed in the suborders Acanthuroidea and Percoidea of the order Perciformes, but this treatment is now considered paraphyletic.

Acanthuriformes

Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
EupercariaPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes

Time the record covers

At least 100 million years on record.

The record covers at least 100.5 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 106.3 Mya to 0 Mya.

Early Cretaceous — about 5 of 265 occurrencesLate Cretaceous — about 12 of 265 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 0 of 265 occurrencesEocene — about 112 of 265 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 30 of 265 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 59 of 265 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 7 of 265 occurrencesPleistocene — about 22 of 265 occurrences108–105 Mya — about 1 occurrence105–101 Mya — about 3 occurrences101–98 Mya — about 5 occurrences98–94 Mya — about 6 occurrences94–90 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences72–69 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences69–65 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences58–54 Mya — about 13 occurrences54–51 Mya — about 26 occurrences51–47 Mya — about 21 occurrences47–43 Mya — about 9 occurrences43–40 Mya — about 18 occurrences40–36 Mya — about 22 occurrences36–33 Mya — about 8 occurrences33–29 Mya — about 11 occurrences29–25 Mya — about 10 occurrences25–22 Mya — about 8 occurrences22–18 Mya — about 7 occurrences18–14 Mya — about 10 occurrences14–11 Mya — about 24 occurrences11–7.2 Mya — about 12 occurrences7.2–3.6 Mya — about 11 occurrences3.6–0 Mya — about 41 occurrences100.5 Mya11.7 ka108 Mya0 Mya

265 occurrences of Acanthuriformes on record, most of them in the Eocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

265 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

72 formations

Scaglia Bianca — 43.48°N, 12.72°EScaglia Bianca — 43.38°N, 12.62°ECook Mountain — 32.34°N, 89.14°WCook Mountain — 30.61°N, 96.57°WCook Mountain — 31.33°N, 95.52°WCook Mountain — 32.03°N, 88.70°WCalvert — 37.93°N, 77.51°WCalvert — 38.17°N, 76.81°WCalvert — 39.27°N, 77.53°WStone City — 30.53°N, 96.69°WStone City — 30.67°N, 96.56°WMoodys Branch — 32.23°N, 92.15°WMoodys Branch — 31.90°N, 88.69°WMoodys Branch — 31.89°N, 88.39°W“upper” Lisbon — 31.82°N, 88.24°WYorktown — 35.36°N, 76.82°WCantaure — 11.97°N, 70.02°WDanata — 38.61°N, 56.88°EHrušky — 48.81°N, 16.63°ECatahoula — 31.66°N, 88.66°WLagos-Portimão — 37.08°N, 8.28°WLagos-Portimão — 37.12°N, 8.54°WLagos-Portimão — 37.08°N, 8.67°WBermont — 27.70°N, 82.50°WByram Marl — 32.18°N, 90.24°WByram Marl — 32.32°N, 90.88°WByram Marl — 32.34°N, 90.85°WLondon Clay — 51.40°N, 0.83°EAshley — 32.95°N, 80.18°WAshley — 32.97°N, 80.20°WLisbon — 31.36°N, 86.52°WValentine — 42.78°N, 100.03°WValentine — 42.49°N, 98.11°WYazoo — 31.66°N, 92.90°WYazoo — 31.93°N, 91.94°WAmeki — 5.00°N, 7.50°EAmeki — 5.56°N, 7.52°EWaccamaw — 33.10°N, 80.31°WWeches — 31.22°N, 96.04°WKosciusko — 32.02°N, 88.71°WPiney Point — 37.61°N, 76.76°W

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The named rock units Acanthuriformes has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 48 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 113 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Acanthuriformes and its relatives

Eocene

Where Acanthuriformes and its relatives were recorded in the Eocene.

Found in the same rock

3,334 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 148 sites for Acanthuriformes, and this reads all of them. Of that, one read hit the database's own return limit, so every count below is a floor rather than a total. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

111 references

Each of the 265 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 99 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Acanthuriformes

Credit
Diego Delso
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Acanthuriformes was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itEupercaria through timeFormations of the EoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0.