Xenastrapotherium

Xenastrapotherium is an extinct genus of astrapothere, a type of hoofed herbivorous mammal, native to South America, which lived in the Middle to Late Miocene period, typically during the Laventan stage. It is a member of the family Astrapotheriidae in the subfamily Uruguaytheriinae, large astrapotheres, equipped with a trunk-like nose and protruding teeth, similar to the elephants, but their tusks were the canine teeth, not the incisors. Xenastrapotherium was a genus widely distributed in northern South America, in contrast to other species of astrapotheres which lived in the area of the Southern Cone of the continent. It differed from other astrapotheres by having two lower incisors on each side of the jaw and the tusks have a pronounced longitudinal curvature, although their general shape and size are probably very similar to Astrapotherium, whose weight would be 900 to 1,500 kilograms, comparable to the current black rhinoceros.

Xenastrapotherium

Patricia Holroyd · CC BY 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
UruguaytheriinaePBDB
Diet
herbivorePBDB
Life habit
cursorialPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB

Time the record covers

At least 8.8 million years on record.

The record covers at least 20.45 Mya to 11.63 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 23.04 Mya to 7.246 Mya.

Oligocene — about 0 of 23 occurrencesMiocene — about 23 of 23 occurrencesMiocene24–23 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences23–22 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences22–22 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences22–21 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences21–21 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences21–20 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences20–20 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences20–19 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences19–19 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences19–18 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences18–17 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences17–17 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences17–16 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences16–16 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences14–13 Mya — about 2 occurrences13–13 Mya — about 4 occurrences13–12 Mya — about 4 occurrences12–12 Mya — about 4 occurrences12–11 Mya — about 4 occurrences11–11 Mya — about 2 occurrences11–10 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences10–9.5 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences9.5–9.0 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences9.0–8.4 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences8.4–7.9 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences7.9–7.3 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences7.3–6.7 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences20.45 Mya11.63 Mya23.5 Mya6.7 Mya

23 occurrences of Xenastrapotherium on record, most of them in the Miocene. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

23 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

6 formations

Villavieja — 3.22°N, 75.22°WVillavieja — 3.32°N, 75.13°WVillavieja — 3.21°N, 75.26°WVillavieja — 3.12°N, 75.21°WVillavieja — 3.26°N, 75.19°WIpururo — 10.56°S, 73.13°WIpururo — 10.58°S, 73.60°WSolimoes — 10.12°S, 66.88°WBiblian — 2.75°S, 78.92°WBarzalosa — 3.78°N, 75.18°WLa Victoria — 3.23°N, 75.11°W

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The named rock units Xenastrapotherium has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 4 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Xenastrapotherium and its relatives

Miocene

Where Xenastrapotherium and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

156 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 13 sites for Xenastrapotherium, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

7 references

Each of the 23 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Xenastrapotherium

Credit
Patricia Holroyd
Licence
CC BY 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

Photogrammetry

Licence
not stated by the source
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
Specimen
Xenastrapotherium kraglievichi · UCMP:V:38115

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itUruguaytheriinae through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Kraglievich 1928