Sivatheriinae

Sivatheriinae is an extinct subfamily of giraffids characterized by their robust size, short limbs, and the presence of large complicated ossicones in males. These animals lived in Asia, Africa, and parts of Europe from the late Miocene and early Pleistocene.

Sivatheriinae

Hiuppo · CC BY 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
GiraffidaePBDB
Diet
browserPBDB, for Giraffidae
Life habit
ground dwellingPBDB, for Giraffidae
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Artiodactyla

Time the record covers

At least 14 million years on record.

The record covers at least 15.98 Mya to 1.8 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 23.04 Mya to 11.7 ka.

Oligocene — about 0 of 39 occurrencesMiocene — about 8 of 39 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 22 of 39 occurrencesPliocenePleistocene — about 9 of 39 occurrencesPleistocene24–23 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences23–22 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences22–21 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences21–20 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences20–20 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences20–19 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences19–18 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences18–17 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences17–16 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences16–16 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences16–15 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences15–14 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences14–13 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences13–13 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences13–12 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences12–11 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences11–10 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences10–9.4 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences9.4–8.6 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences8.6–7.8 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences7.8–7.1 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences7.1–6.3 Mya — about 1 occurrence6.3–5.5 Mya — about 1 occurrence5.5–4.7 Mya — about 5 occurrences4.7–3.9 Mya — about 6 occurrences3.9–3.1 Mya — about 7 occurrences3.1–2.4 Mya — about 6 occurrences2.4–1.6 Mya — about 3 occurrences1.6–785 ka Mya — about 4 occurrences785 ka–0 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences15.98 Mya1.8 Mya23.5 Mya0 Mya

39 occurrences of Sivatheriinae on record, most of them in the Pliocene. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

39 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

16 formations

Varswater — 32.98°S, 18.15°ETatrot — 30.73°N, 76.78°ETatrot — 23.85°N, 86.51°EOlduvai — 2.99°S, 35.35°EChiwondo — 10.00°S, 33.92°EChiwondo — 10.17°S, 34.00°EWembere-Manonga — 3.87°S, 33.72°EWembere-Manonga — 4.03°S, 33.77°ESagantole — 10.63°N, 40.54°EKaiso Village — 1.50°N, 31.00°EBredasdorp & Varswater — 32.98°S, 18.15°ENawata and Nachukui — 2.90°N, 36.05°ENawata — 2.90°N, 36.05°EKuruksai suite — 38.31°N, 69.67°ENagrota — 32.70°N, 74.85°EAdu-Asa — 10.32°N, 40.25°EMaradah — 28.00°N, 20.50°ECigarron — 37.92°N, 1.16°WKanapoi — 2.32°N, 36.07°E

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Sivatheriinae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 15 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Sivatheriinae and its relatives

Pliocene

Where Sivatheriinae and its relatives were recorded in the Pliocene.

Found in the same rock

610 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 38 sites for Sivatheriinae, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

33 references

Each of the 39 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 21 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Sivatheriinae

Credit
Hiuppo
Licence
CC BY 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Sivatheriinae was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itGiraffidae through timeFormations of the PlioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Zittel 1893