Colobinae

The Colobinae or leaf-eating monkeys are a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 61 species in 11 genera, including the black-and-white colobus, the large-nosed proboscis monkey, and the gray langurs. Some classifications split the colobine monkeys into two tribes, while others split them into three groups. Both classifications put the three African genera Colobus, Piliocolobus, and Procolobus in one group; these genera are distinct in that they have stub thumbs, hence their family name, which comes from Ancient Greek κολοβός (kolobós), meaning "docked". The various Asian genera are placed into another one or two groups. Analysis of mtDNA confirms the Asian species form two distinct groups, one of langurs and the other of the "odd-nosed" species, but are inconsistent as to the relationships of the gray langurs; some studies suggest that the gray langurs are not closely related to either of these groups, while others place them firmly within the langur group.

Colobinae

Dr. Ajay B. · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
CercopithecidaePBDB
Diet
frugivore, folivorePBDB, for Cercopithecidae
Life habit
arborealPBDB, for Cercopithecidae
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Eutheria

Time the record covers

At least 11 million years on record.

The record covers at least 11.63 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 23.04 Mya to 0 Mya.

Oligocene — about 0 of 254 occurrencesMiocene — about 31 of 254 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 82 of 254 occurrencesPliocenePleistocene — about 140 of 254 occurrencesPleistocene24–23 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences23–22 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences22–21 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences21–20 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences20–20 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences20–19 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences19–18 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences18–17 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences17–16 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences16–16 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences16–15 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences15–14 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences14–13 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences13–13 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences13–12 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences12–11 Mya — about 2 occurrences11–10 Mya — about 2 occurrences10–9.4 Mya — about 2 occurrences9.4–8.6 Mya — about 2 occurrences8.6–7.8 Mya — about 4 occurrences7.8–7.1 Mya — about 4 occurrences7.1–6.3 Mya — about 6 occurrences6.3–5.5 Mya — about 6 occurrences5.5–4.7 Mya — about 14 occurrences4.7–3.9 Mya — about 17 occurrences3.9–3.1 Mya — about 27 occurrences3.1–2.4 Mya — about 51 occurrences2.4–1.6 Mya — about 69 occurrences1.6–785 ka Mya — about 12 occurrences785 ka–0 Mya — about 33 occurrences11.63 Mya11.7 ka23.5 Mya0 Mya

254 occurrences of Colobinae on record, most of them in the Pleistocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

254 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

37 formations

Shungura — 5.14°N, 36.03°EShungura — 5.05°N, 36.03°EShungura — 5.15°N, 36.04°EShungura — 5.09°N, 36.06°EKoobi Fora — 4.07°N, 36.37°EKoobi Fora — 3.87°N, 36.37°EKoobi Fora — 3.92°N, 36.45°EKoobi Fora — 3.95°N, 36.28°EKoobi Fora — 4.24°N, 36.37°EKoobi Fora — 4.06°N, 36.33°EKoobi Fora — 4.26°N, 36.28°EKoobi Fora — 3.78°N, 36.33°EKoobi Fora — 3.90°N, 36.24°EKoobi Fora — 3.86°N, 36.26°EVogel River Series — 3.19°S, 35.21°EVogel River Series — 3.25°S, 35.20°EVogel River Series — 3.13°S, 35.13°ENachukui — 3.08°N, 35.83°ENachukui — 3.89°N, 35.75°ENachukui — 2.90°N, 36.05°EUSNO — 5.35°N, 36.17°EAdu-Asa — 10.32°N, 40.25°EAdu-Asa — 10.43°N, 40.42°EWehaietu — 10.73°N, 40.42°EWehaietu — 10.90°N, 40.48°EChemeron — 0.67°N, 35.83°EKanapoi — 2.32°N, 36.07°EKanapoi — 2.37°N, 36.08°EKromdraai — 26.00°S, 27.75°ENawata — 2.90°N, 36.05°ENawata or Nachukui — 2.90°N, 36.05°EDytiko — 40.88°N, 22.55°EDytiko — 40.84°N, 22.56°EHadar — 11.14°N, 40.58°EOlduvai — 2.98°S, 34.32°ENawata and Nachukui — 2.90°N, 36.05°EKapthurin — 0.50°N, 36.00°ESwartkrans — 26.02°S, 27.72°ENkondo — 1.50°N, 31.00°ESagantole — 10.52°N, 40.47°EPikermi — 38.00°N, 23.95°EMatabaietu — 10.55°N, 40.58°ENgorora — 0.90°N, 35.85°EMuluk — 30.42°N, 30.25°E

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The named rock units Colobinae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 13 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 64 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Colobinae and its relatives

Pleistocene

Where Colobinae and its relatives were recorded in the Pleistocene.

Found in the same rock

1,388 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 193 sites for Colobinae, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

100 references

Each of the 254 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 88 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Colobinae

Credit
Dr. Ajay B.
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan was found. Smithsonian Open Access, MorphoSource and Sketchfab were all searched.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itCercopithecidae through timeFormations of the PleistoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Jerdon 1867