Pachyrhizodus

Pachyrhizodus is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish that lived during the Cretaceous to Paleocene in what is now Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania. Many species are known, primarily from the Cretaceous of England and the midwestern United States.

Pachyrhizodus

Fishboy86164577 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
PachyrhizodontidaePBDB
Diet
carnivorePBDB, for Crossognathiformes
Life habit
nektonicPBDB, for Crossognathiformes
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Crossognathiformes

Time the record covers

At least 34 million years on record.

The record covers at least 100.5 Mya to 66 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 113.2 Mya to 61.66 Mya.

Early Cretaceous — about 2 of 80 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 77 of 80 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 1 of 80 occurrencesPaleocene114–112 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences112–111 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences111–109 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences109–107 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences107–105 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences105–104 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences104–102 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences102–100 Mya — about 3 occurrences100–98 Mya — about 8 occurrences98–96 Mya — about 8 occurrences96–95 Mya — about 8 occurrences95–93 Mya — about 8 occurrences93–91 Mya — about 8 occurrences91–89 Mya — about 5 occurrences89–87 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences87–86 Mya — about 1 occurrence86–84 Mya — about 10 occurrences84–82 Mya — about 4 occurrences82–80 Mya — about 2 occurrences80–78 Mya — about 2 occurrences78–77 Mya — about 2 occurrences77–75 Mya — about 2 occurrences75–73 Mya — about 2 occurrences73–71 Mya — about 2 occurrences71–70 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences70–68 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences68–66 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences66–64 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences64–62 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences62–61 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences100.5 Mya66 Mya114 Mya61 Mya

80 occurrences of Pachyrhizodus on record, most of them in the Late Cretaceous. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

80 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

23 formations

Greenhorn Limestone — 39.00°N, 98.92°WGreenhorn Limestone — 44.65°N, 103.58°WGreenhorn Limestone — 37.69°N, 103.94°WGreenhorn Limestone — 37.22°N, 103.60°WGreenhorn Limestone — 39.81°N, 97.34°WGreenhorn Limestone — 39.74°N, 97.65°WGreenhorn Limestone — 42.64°N, 96.53°WGreenhorn Limestone — 37.46°N, 103.05°WGreenhorn Limestone — 38.87°N, 98.51°WGreenhorn Limestone — 38.94°N, 98.80°WGreenhorn Limestone — 39.04°N, 98.99°WGreenhorn Limestone — 38.78°N, 98.96°WGreenhorn Limestone — 38.74°N, 99.04°WGreenhorn Limestone — 38.92°N, 98.90°WGreenhorn Limestone — 37.65°N, 103.93°WGreenhorn Limestone — 39.81°N, 97.38°WMooreville Chalk — 32.85°N, 88.04°WMooreville Chalk — 32.84°N, 87.89°WMooreville Chalk — 32.95°N, 88.08°WMooreville Chalk — 32.32°N, 86.46°WMooreville Chalk — 31.91°N, 87.87°WMooreville Chalk — 32.76°N, 88.02°WNiobrara — 38.72°N, 100.70°WNiobrara — 38.79°N, 100.70°WNiobrara — 43.41°N, 103.31°WNiobrara — 38.79°N, 100.76°WNiobrara — 38.80°N, 100.19°WCarlile Shale — 39.89°N, 98.03°WCarlile Shale — 39.78°N, 98.15°WCarlile Shale — 42.74°N, 97.03°WCarlile Shale — 38.72°N, 99.32°WScaglia Variegata Alpina — 45.28°N, 11.65°EScaglia Variegata Alpina — 45.65°N, 11.31°EScaglia Variegata Alpina — 45.85°N, 11.86°EHolleywell, New Pit, Lewes — 51.30°N, 0.39°EPierre Shale — 49.33°N, 98.31°WGraneros Shale — 40.01°N, 97.17°WGraneros Shale — 38.93°N, 98.91°WLower Chalk — 52.18°N, 0.17°ELower Chalk — 51.10°N, 1.26°EFort Crittenden — 31.67°N, 110.77°WClayton — 37.18°N, 89.07°WDonoho Creek — 34.06°N, 79.53°WAshville — 53.48°N, 102.24°WPierre Shale — 43.31°N, 104.22°WUpper Greensand — 52.20°N, 0.13°EDemopolis Chalk — 32.67°N, 88.11°WAgua Nueva — 26.66°N, 100.04°WBritton — 32.73°N, 97.00°WQuiriquina — 33.36°S, 71.68°WRybushka — 51.23°N, 45.10°EZig Zag Chalk — 53.68°N, 0.50°WToolebuc — 20.65°S, 143.10°EMexcala — 18.10°N, 99.09°W

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The named rock units Pachyrhizodus has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 9 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Pachyrhizodus and its relatives

Late Cretaceous

Where Pachyrhizodus and its relatives were recorded in the Late Cretaceous.

Found in the same rock

480 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 66 sites for Pachyrhizodus, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

46 references

Each of the 80 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 34 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Pachyrhizodus

Credit
Fishboy86164577
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Pachyrhizodus was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itPachyrhizodontidae through timeFormations of the Late CretaceousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0.