Hederelloidea

Hederellids are extinct colonial animals with calcitic tubular branching exoskeletons. They range from the Silurian to the Permian and were most common in the Devonian period. They are more properly known as hederelloids because they were originally defined as a suborder by Bassler, who described about 130 species. Although they have traditionally been considered bryozoans, they are clearly not because of their branching patterns, lack of an astogenetic gradient, skeletal microstructure, and wide range in tube diameters. Work continues on assessing the true affinities of hederelloids, but they appear to be most closely related to phoronids and other lophophorates.

Hederelloidea

Wilson44691 at English Wikipedia · Public Domain · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
TubuliporataPBDB
Diet
suspension feederPBDB, for Tubuliporata
Life habit
epifaunalPBDB, for Tubuliporata
Motility
stationary, attachedPBDB, for Tubuliporata
Vision
blindPBDB, for Stenolaemata
Environment
marinePBDB, for Lophophorata

Time the record covers

At least 168 million years on record.

The record covers at least 443.1 Mya to 274.4 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 449.5 Mya to 266.9 Mya.

Ordovician — about 1 of 130 occurrencesSilurian — about 6 of 130 occurrencesSilurianDevonian — about 117 of 130 occurrencesDevonianCarboniferous — about 4 of 130 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 2 of 130 occurrencesPermian453–447 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences447–440 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences428–422 Mya — about 3 occurrences422–415 Mya — about 5 occurrences415–409 Mya — about 7 occurrences409–403 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences403–396 Mya — about 1 occurrence396–390 Mya — about 3 occurrences390–384 Mya — about 79 occurrences384–377 Mya — about 22 occurrences377–371 Mya — about 1 occurrence371–365 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences365–358 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences339–333 Mya — about 2 occurrences333–327 Mya — about 1 occurrence320–314 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences314–308 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences308–301 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences295–289 Mya — about 1 occurrence276–270 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences270–263 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences443.1 Mya274.4 Mya453 Mya263 Mya

130 occurrences of Hederelloidea on record, most of them in the Devonian. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

130 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

24 formations

Silica — 41.72°N, 83.72°WSilica — 42.13°N, 83.60°WSilica — 42.33°N, 83.03°WSilica — 41.12°N, 84.85°WLudlowville — 42.78°N, 78.79°WLudlowville — 42.85°N, 78.64°WLudlowville — 42.88°N, 78.57°WLudlowville — 42.96°N, 78.13°WLudlowville — 42.83°N, 77.84°WLudlowville — 42.80°N, 77.27°WLudlowville — 42.78°N, 76.99°WTabberabbera — 37.57°S, 147.38°ETabberabbera — 37.78°S, 147.39°EJaycox — 42.88°N, 78.02°WJaycox — 42.85°N, 77.83°WJaycox — 42.89°N, 77.70°WJaycox — 42.82°N, 77.29°WFiddlers Green — 42.85°N, 78.80°WBangor Limestone — 34.52°N, 87.58°WSkaneateles — 42.87°N, 77.88°WSkaneateles — 42.93°N, 76.22°WOlentangy Shale — 40.00°N, 83.00°WPlum Brook Shale — 41.00°N, 83.00°WSyracuse — 43.05°N, 76.15°WDawson Bay — 53.00°N, 101.00°WMoscow — 42.70°N, 76.75°WTajna Beds — 49.08°N, 25.40°EMaradana Shale — 33.20°S, 148.68°EBird Spring — 36.55°N, 115.69°WValporquero — 43.10°N, 6.25°WSterlitamak — 55.72°N, 57.00°EBaton River — 40.00°S, 174.00°ESkaly — 50.88°N, 21.03°EPaso Hondo — 15.65°N, 92.04°WTaboumakhloûf — 30.73°N, 4.70°ELochkov — 50.00°N, 14.35°EHunsrück Slate — 49.83°N, 7.37°EKuressaare — 58.25°N, 22.57°E

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The named rock units Hederelloidea has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 7 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Hederelloidea and its relatives

Devonian

Where Hederelloidea and its relatives were recorded in the Devonian.

Found in the same rock

992 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 78 sites for Hederelloidea, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

29 references

Each of the 130 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 17 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Hederelloidea

Credit
Wilson44691 at English Wikipedia
Licence
Public Domain
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Hederelloidea was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itTubuliporata through timeFormations of the DevonianThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Bassler 1939)