Drynaria
Drynaria is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Drynarioideae of the family Polypodiaceae. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 refers to it as Aglaomorpha, but that name was subsequently rejected in favor of Drynaria. Species are commonly known as basket ferns. As circumscribed in PPG I, the genus contains around 50 species.
Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.
On record
Recorded, not inferred- Sits inside
- PolypodiaceaePBDB
- Diet
- "photoautotroph"PBDB, for Streptophyta
Time the record covers
At least 5.3 million years on record.
The record covers at least 5.333 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 11.63 Mya to 0 Mya.
21 occurrences of Drynaria on record, most of them in the Pleistocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.
When
21 occurrences- Miocene5%
- Pliocene14%
- Pleistocene74%
- Holocene7%
These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.
Found in
3 formations
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The named rock units Drynaria has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 17 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.
Drynaria and its relatives
PleistoceneWhere Drynaria and its relatives were recorded in the Pleistocene.
Found in the same rock
354 taxa- Elaeocarpus16 sites
- Mallotus16 sites
- Poaceae16 sites
- Podocarpus16 sites
- Urticaceae16 sites
- Acacia15 sites
- Argyrodendron15 sites
- Asteraceae15 sites
- Celtis15 sites
- Cunoniaceae15 sites
- Eucalyptus15 sites
- Macaranga15 sites
- Monolete15 sites
- Rapanea15 sites
- Rutaceae15 sites
- Sapindaceae15 sites
- Trema15 sites
- Myrtaceae14 sites
- Sapotaceae14 sites
- Syzygium14 sites
- Agathis13 sites
- Araucaria13 sites
- Callitris13 sites
- Chenopodiaceae13 sites
The Paleobiology Database records 21 sites for Drynaria, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.
This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.
Entered from
7 references- A complete pollen record of the last 230 ka from Lynch's Crater, north-eastern Australia11
- A Late Pleistocene and Holocene pollen diagram from Lynch’s Crater, northeastern Queensland, Australia4
- A Catalogue of Fossil Plants from India Part 6: Cenozoic (Quaternary) Palynology and Palaeobotany2
- Late Pliocene diversity and distribution of Drynaria (Polypodiaceae) in western Yunnan explained by forest vegetation and humid climates1
- Two species of fern macrofossil from the late Miocene of Lincang, Yunnan, China and their paleoecological implications1
- Systematic descriptions, in Dimorphic fronds and in situ spores of Drynaria (Polypodiaceae) from the upper Pliocene of Southwest China1
- A new Drynaria (Polypodiaceae) from the Upper Pliocene of Southwest China1
Each of the 21 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.
Media and terms
Media content1
Picture of Drynaria
- Source
- Wikipedia/Commons
- Credit
- Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz
- Licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
- Commercial use
- the licence allows it
No 3D scan of Drynaria was found in Sketchfab.
Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.
The description on this site
- Source
- Wikipedia, “Drynaria”
- Licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.
Keep going
What may have been alongside itPolypodiaceae through timeFormations of the PleistoceneThe world it lived on
Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Smith 1842