Combretaceae

The Combretaceae, often called the white mangrove family, are a family of flowering plants in the order Myrtales. The family includes about 530 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 10 genera. The family includes the leadwood tree, Combretum imberbe. Three genera, Conocarpus, Laguncularia, and Lumnitzera, grow in mangrove habitats (mangals). The Combretaceae are widespread in the subtropics and tropics. Some members of this family produce useful construction timber, such as idigbo from Terminalia ivorensis. The commonly cultivated Quisqualis indica is now placed in the genus Combretum. Many plants in the former Quisqualis genus contain quisqualic acid, a potent nerve toxin.

Combretaceae

Meneerke bloem · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
MyrtalesPBDB
Diet
"photoautotroph"PBDB, for Angiospermae

Time the record covers

At least 72 million years on record.

The record covers at least 72.2 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 100.5 Mya to 0 Mya.

Early Cretaceous — about 0 of 121 occurrencesLate Cretaceous — about 3 of 121 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 1 of 121 occurrencesPaleoceneEocene — about 19 of 121 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 4 of 121 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 68 of 121 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 14 of 121 occurrencesPleistocene — about 11 of 121 occurrences103–99 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences99–96 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences96–92 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences92–89 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences89–85 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences85–82 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences82–79 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences79–75 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences75–72 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences72–68 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences68–65 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences65–62 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences62–58 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences58–55 Mya — about 1 occurrence55–51 Mya — about 3 occurrences51–48 Mya — about 3 occurrences48–44 Mya — about 2 occurrences44–41 Mya — about 2 occurrences41–38 Mya — about 8 occurrences38–34 Mya — about 1 occurrence34–31 Mya — about 2 occurrences31–27 Mya — about 2 occurrences27–24 Mya — about 1 occurrence24–21 Mya — about 8 occurrences21–17 Mya — about 11 occurrences17–14 Mya — about 15 occurrences14–10 Mya — about 16 occurrences10–6.8 Mya — about 13 occurrences6.8–3.4 Mya — about 15 occurrences3.4–0 Mya — about 16 occurrences72.2 Mya11.7 ka103 Mya0 Mya

121 occurrences of Combretaceae on record, most of them in the Miocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

121 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

30 formations

Nkondo — 1.50°N, 31.00°ELower Churia — 27.71°N, 82.53°ELower — 31.95°N, 76.27°ELower — 29.15°N, 80.19°ELower — 29.15°N, 80.19°ELower — 29.29°N, 79.55°ELower — 29.49°N, 78.76°EMcBean — 33.45°N, 82.20°WTipam — 27.19°N, 95.47°ETipam — 27.26°N, 95.40°ETipam — 24.68°N, 92.56°EKoobi Fora — 3.85°N, 36.33°EKoobi Fora — 4.06°N, 36.33°ECulebra — 9.03°N, 79.63°WAckerman — 34.66°N, 89.10°WOlduvai — 2.99°S, 35.35°EGatun — 9.27°N, 79.87°WRockdale — 30.32°N, 97.30°WNeyveli — 11.54°N, 79.48°EDeccan Intertrappean — 17.02°N, 81.65°EDeccan Intertrappean — 22.01°N, 79.19°EOropouche — 10.00°N, 61.00°WComox — 49.75°N, 125.00°WExtension — 49.00°N, 124.00°WJohn Day — 45.00°N, 120.20°WEl Palmar — 31.38°S, 58.07°WCerbatana — 3.25°N, 75.21°WTikak Parbat — 27.25°N, 95.67°EBangmai — 23.90°N, 100.02°ERajdanda — 23.42°N, 84.13°EKimin — 27.08°N, 93.65°EDafla — 26.94°N, 92.81°E

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The named rock units Combretaceae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 6 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 48 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Combretaceae and its relatives

Miocene

Where Combretaceae and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

1,728 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 89 sites for Combretaceae, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

44 references

Each of the 121 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 32 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Combretaceae

Credit
Meneerke bloem
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Combretaceae was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itMyrtales through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Brown 1810