Cassidinae

The Cassidinae are a subfamily of the leaf beetles, or Chrysomelidae. The antennae arise close to each other and some members have the pronotal and elytral edges extended to the side and covering the legs so as to give them the common name of tortoise beetles. Some members, such as in the tribe Hispini, are notable for the spiny outgrowths to the pronotum and elytra.

Cassidinae

No machine-readable author provided. Shyamal assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
tortoise beetlePBDB
Sits inside
ChrysomelidaePBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Arthropoda
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Insecta

Time the record covers

At least 45 million years on record.

The record covers at least 48.07 Mya to 2.58 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 56 Mya to 1.8 Mya.

Paleocene — about 0 of 42 occurrencesEocene — about 21 of 42 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 6 of 42 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 14 of 42 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 0 of 42 occurrencesPleistocene — about 1 of 42 occurrences57–55 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences55–53 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences53–51 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences51–50 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences50–48 Mya — about 1 occurrence48–46 Mya — about 3 occurrences46–44 Mya — about 3 occurrences44–42 Mya — about 3 occurrences42–40 Mya — about 2 occurrences40–38 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences38–36 Mya — about 2 occurrences36–35 Mya — about 4 occurrences35–33 Mya — about 1 occurrence33–31 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences31–29 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences29–27 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences27–25 Mya — about 2 occurrences25–23 Mya — about 2 occurrences23–21 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences21–20 Mya — about 1 occurrence20–18 Mya — about 2 occurrences18–16 Mya — about 2 occurrences16–14 Mya — about 1 occurrence14–12 Mya — about 4 occurrences12–10 Mya — about 2 occurrences10–8.2 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences8.2–6.4 Mya — about 1.0 occurrences6.4–4.5 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences2.6–716 ka Mya — about 1 occurrence48.07 Mya2.58 Mya57 Mya716 ka

42 occurrences of Cassidinae on record, most of them in the Eocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group, and the chart stops with its fossils rather than at the present. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

42 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

7 formations

Upper Freshwater-Molasse — 47.67°N, 8.93°ENiveau du gypse d'Aix — 43.52°N, 5.45°EEifel — 50.11°N, 6.82°EGreen River — 39.53°N, 107.95°WFlorissant — 38.92°N, 105.28°WShanwang — 36.55°N, 118.71°ERott — 50.75°N, 7.26°E

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The named rock units Cassidinae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 25 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Cassidinae and its relatives

Eocene

Where Cassidinae and its relatives were recorded in the Eocene.

Found in the same rock

2,021 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 31 sites for Cassidinae, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

25 references

Each of the 42 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 13 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Cassidinae

Credit
No machine-readable author provided. Shyamal assumed (based on copyright claims).
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC Attribution
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itChrysomelidae through timeFormations of the EoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Gyllenhal 1813