Rhamnus

Rhamnus is a genus of about 140 accepted species of shrubs or small trees, commonly known as buckthorns, in the family Rhamnaceae. Its species range from 1 to 10 m tall and are native mainly in east Asia and North America, but found throughout the temperate and subtropical Northern Hemisphere, and also more locally in the subtropical Southern Hemisphere in parts of Africa and South America.

Rhamnus

Dr. Oliver Schneider ( Oliver s. at de.wikipedia ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
buckthornPBDB
Sits inside
RhamnaceaePBDB
Diet
"photoautotroph"PBDB, for Angiospermae

Time the record covers

At least 69 million years on record.

The record covers at least 72.2 Mya to 2.58 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 100.5 Mya to 11.7 ka.

Early Cretaceous — about 0 of 105 occurrencesLate Cretaceous — about 34 of 105 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 17 of 105 occurrencesPaleoceneEocene — about 17 of 105 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 2 of 105 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 26 of 105 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 5 of 105 occurrencesPleistocene — about 4 of 105 occurrences103–99 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences99–96 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences96–92 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences92–89 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences89–85 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences85–82 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences82–79 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences79–75 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences75–72 Mya — about 3 occurrences72–68 Mya — about 17 occurrences68–65 Mya — about 14 occurrences65–62 Mya — about 8 occurrences62–58 Mya — about 4 occurrences58–55 Mya — about 3 occurrences55–51 Mya — about 1 occurrence51–48 Mya — about 2 occurrences48–44 Mya — about 4 occurrences44–41 Mya — about 4 occurrences41–38 Mya — about 4 occurrences38–34 Mya — about 1 occurrence34–31 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences31–27 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences27–24 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences24–21 Mya — about 1 occurrence21–17 Mya — about 4 occurrences17–14 Mya — about 9 occurrences14–10 Mya — about 10 occurrences10–6.8 Mya — about 2 occurrences6.8–3.4 Mya — about 4 occurrences3.4–0 Mya — about 6 occurrences72.2 Mya2.58 Mya103 Mya0 Mya

105 occurrences of Rhamnus on record, most of them in the Late Cretaceous. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

105 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

34 formations

Hell Creek — 46.39°N, 103.95°WHell Creek — 46.32°N, 103.86°WHell Creek — 46.09°N, 103.76°WHell Creek — 46.02°N, 103.76°WHell Creek — 45.65°N, 103.62°WHell Creek — 46.45°N, 103.98°WHell Creek — 46.15°N, 103.81°WHell Creek — 46.39°N, 103.94°WHell Creek — 45.39°N, 103.94°WHell Creek — 45.89°N, 104.55°WFort Union — 45.00°N, 109.00°WFort Union — 44.06°N, 105.27°WFort Union — 43.70°N, 104.70°WLance — 43.15°N, 104.61°WLance — 41.57°N, 108.67°WTullock — 46.58°N, 105.88°WTullock — 47.10°N, 104.72°WSepulcher — 44.00°N, 110.00°WChloropagus — 39.58°N, 119.37°WChloropagus — 39.58°N, 119.35°WMerhten — 37.61°N, 120.59°WDenver — 39.75°N, 105.22°WRaton — 36.92°N, 104.57°WRaton — 37.10°N, 107.05°WAnimas — 37.03°N, 107.20°WNanlin — 25.12°N, 98.83°ELiuqu — 29.17°N, 87.75°EAckerman — 34.66°N, 89.10°WChausuyama — 36.58°N, 138.17°EOgawa — 36.42°N, 138.08°ERenova — 45.50°N, 112.50°WOkinoyama — 34.00°N, 131.00°EMiddlegate — 39.25°N, 117.88°WCretaceous — 43.09°N, 104.51°WKirtland — 36.27°N, 108.24°WCoal Valley — 39.31°N, 119.65°WAldrich Station — 38.49°N, 118.90°WSalmon City — 45.18°N, 113.88°WNacimiento — 36.79°N, 104.87°W

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The named rock units Rhamnus has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 10 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 29 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Rhamnus and its relatives

Late Cretaceous

Where Rhamnus and its relatives were recorded in the Late Cretaceous.

Found in the same rock

877 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 70 sites for Rhamnus, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

32 references

Each of the 105 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 20 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Rhamnus

Credit
Dr. Oliver Schneider ( Oliver s. at de.wikipedia )
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Rhamnus was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itRhamnaceae through timeFormations of the Late CretaceousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Linnaeus 1753