Raphidonema

Raphidonema is an extinct genus of calcareous sponges that belong to the family Endostomatidae.

Raphidonema

Hectonichus · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
EndostomatidaePBDB
Diet
suspension feederPBDB, for Calcaronea
Life habit
epifaunalPBDB, for Calcaronea
Motility
stationary, attachedPBDB, for Calcaronea
Vision
blindPBDB, for Calcarea

Time the record covers

At least 84 million years on record.

The record covers at least 132.6 Mya to 48.07 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 143.1 Mya to 37.71 Mya.

Late Jurassic — about 0 of 22 occurrencesEarly Cretaceous — about 18 of 22 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 3 of 22 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 0 of 22 occurrencesEocene — about 1 of 22 occurrencesEocene145–142 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences142–138 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences138–134 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences134–131 Mya — about 1 occurrence131–127 Mya — about 1 occurrence127–123 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences123–120 Mya — about 3 occurrences120–116 Mya — about 5 occurrences116–112 Mya — about 4 occurrences112–109 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences109–105 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences105–101 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences101–98 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences98–94 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences94–90 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences90–87 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences87–83 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences83–79 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences79–76 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences76–72 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences72–68 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences68–65 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences50–47 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences47–43 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences43–39 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences39–36 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences132.6 Mya48.07 Mya145 Mya36 Mya

22 occurrences of Raphidonema on record, most of them in the Early Cretaceous. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

22 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

6 formations

Sandgate — 51.67°N, 1.58°WPabellón — 27.84°S, 70.32°WWoburn Sand — 52.00°N, 0.77°WFulra Limestone — 23.83°N, 68.77°ERio Tascadero — 30.79°S, 70.61°WNantoco — 28.10°S, 70.56°W

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The named rock units Raphidonema has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 11 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Raphidonema and its relatives

Early Cretaceous

Where Raphidonema and its relatives were recorded in the Early Cretaceous.

Found in the same rock

170 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 12 sites for Raphidonema, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

7 references

Each of the 22 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Raphidonema

Credit
Hectonichus
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC0 Public Domain
Commercial use
the licence allows it

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itEndostomatidae through timeFormations of the Early CretaceousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Hinde 1883