Pugnax

Pugnax

via iDigBio · CC0 · via iDigBio. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
PugnacidaePBDB
Diet
suspension feederPBDB, for Rhynchonellida
Life habit
epifaunalPBDB, for Rhynchonellida
Motility
stationaryPBDB, for Rhynchonellida
Vision
blindPBDB, for Rhynchonellata
Environment
marinePBDB, for Lophophorata

Time the record covers

At least 139 million years on record.

The record covers at least 393.47 Mya to 254.14 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 419.62 Mya to 251.902 Mya.

Silurian — about 0 of 59 occurrencesDevonian — about 21 of 59 occurrencesDevonianCarboniferous — about 22 of 59 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 16 of 59 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 0 of 59 occurrences423–417 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences417–411 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences411–406 Mya — about 2 occurrences406–400 Mya — about 2 occurrences400–394 Mya — about 2 occurrences394–388 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences388–382 Mya — about 3 occurrences382–376 Mya — about 2 occurrences376–371 Mya — about 7 occurrences371–365 Mya — about 2 occurrences365–359 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences359–353 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences353–347 Mya — about 1 occurrence347–342 Mya — about 5 occurrences342–336 Mya — about 4 occurrences336–330 Mya — about 8 occurrences324–318 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences318–313 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences307–301 Mya — about 1 occurrence301–295 Mya — about 2 occurrences295–289 Mya — about 2 occurrences289–283 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences283–278 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences278–272 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences272–266 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences266–260 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences260–254 Mya — about 8 occurrences254–249 Mya — about 2 occurrences393.47 Mya254.14 Mya423 Mya249 Mya

59 occurrences of Pugnax on record, most of them in the Carboniferous. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

59 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

26 formations

Wargal — 32.40°N, 72.25°EWargal — 32.61°N, 71.76°EWargal — 32.52°N, 72.30°EWargal — 32.47°N, 71.95°EWeaver Beds — 52.80°N, 2.10°WEyam Limestone — 53.18°N, 1.77°WGlubokaya — 55.52°N, 85.70°EGlubokaya — 55.17°N, 84.57°EWaterhouses Limestone — 52.80°N, 2.10°WTaemas — 34.95°S, 148.82°ETaemas — 34.94°S, 148.82°EFeltrim — 53.43°N, 6.20°WCopacabana — 16.22°S, 68.90°WCopacabana — 15.87°S, 68.92°WDalong — 29.71°N, 113.93°EDalong — 26.67°N, 106.23°ELong Rapids — 51.00°N, 82.00°WOuray — 37.25°N, 108.75°WCauldon Low Conglomerate — 53.03°N, 1.88°WKellerwand — 46.61°N, 13.00°ECracoe Limestone — 54.05°N, 2.02°WTurkparidinskaya — 39.00°N, 69.00°EHotwells — 51.22°N, 0.63°WElets — 52.42°N, 38.92°ESchistes de Beaulieu — 50.83°N, 1.79°EBrilon Massenkalk — 51.45°N, 8.62°ESafonovski — 54.30°N, 86.23°EWadleigh Limestone — 55.49°N, 132.36°WAmb — 32.63°N, 71.75°EJulfa — 38.98°N, 45.52°ELongyin — 24.70°N, 105.22°E

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The named rock units Pugnax has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 2 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 10 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Pugnax and its relatives

Carboniferous

Where Pugnax and its relatives were recorded in the Carboniferous.

Found in the same rock

935 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 40 sites for Pugnax, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

32 references

Each of the 59 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 20 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content3

Picture of Pugnax

Source
iDigBio
Credit
via iDigBio
Licence
CC0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

CT scan

Licence
In Copyright
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
Specimen
Betta pugnax · ummz:fish:209908

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC0 Public Domain
Commercial use
the licence allows it

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itPugnacidae through timeFormations of the CarboniferousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0.