Pecora

Pecora is a clade of even-toed hoofed mammals (Artiodactyla) with ruminant digestion. Most Pecorans have cranial appendages projecting from their frontal bones; only two extant genera lack them, Hydropotes and Moschus. The name "Pecora" comes from Latin pecus, meaning "cattle". Most Pecorans have cranial appendages, but only some of these are true horns, and many scientists believe these appendages did not arise from a common ancestor, but evolved independently at least twice. Likewise, while Pecora as a group is supported by both molecular and morphological studies, morphological support for interrelationships between Pecora families is disputed.

Pecora

Horcrux · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
RuminantiaPBDB
Diet
grazer, browserPBDB, for Artiodactyla
Life habit
ground dwellingPBDB, for Artiodactyla
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Artiodactyla

Time the record covers

At least 41 million years on record.

The record covers at least 41.03 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 66 Mya to 0 Mya.

Late Cretaceous — about 0 of 11133 occurrencesPaleocene — about 0 of 11133 occurrencesPaleoceneEocene — about 121 of 11133 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 150 of 11133 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 2731 of 11133 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 1487 of 11133 occurrencesPleistocene — about 5815 of 11133 occurrences67–65 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences65–63 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences63–61 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences61–58 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences58–56 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences56–54 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences54–52 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences52–49 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences49–47 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences47–45 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences45–43 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences43–40 Mya — about 1 occurrence40–38 Mya — about 7 occurrences38–36 Mya — about 42 occurrences36–34 Mya — about 73 occurrences34–31 Mya — about 55 occurrences31–29 Mya — about 23 occurrences29–27 Mya — about 17 occurrences27–25 Mya — about 29 occurrences25–22 Mya — about 35 occurrences22–20 Mya — about 66 occurrences20–18 Mya — about 150 occurrences18–16 Mya — about 304 occurrences16–13 Mya — about 406 occurrences13–11 Mya — about 434 occurrences11–9.0 Mya — about 458 occurrences9.0–6.7 Mya — about 543 occurrences6.7–4.5 Mya — about 694 occurrences4.5–2.2 Mya — about 1845 occurrences2.2–0 Mya — about 5948 occurrences41.03 Mya11.7 ka67 Mya0 Mya

11,133 occurrences of Pecora on record, most of them in the Pleistocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

11,133 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

486 formations

Koobi Fora — 3.90°N, 36.24°EKoobi Fora — 3.98°N, 36.32°EKoobi Fora — 3.86°N, 36.26°EKoobi Fora — 4.07°N, 36.37°EKoobi Fora — 3.87°N, 36.37°EKoobi Fora — 4.31°N, 36.28°EKoobi Fora — 4.23°N, 36.43°EKoobi Fora — 3.75°N, 36.36°EKoobi Fora — 3.75°N, 36.34°EKoobi Fora — 4.28°N, 36.24°EKoobi Fora — 4.24°N, 36.28°EKoobi Fora — 4.28°N, 36.38°EKoobi Fora — 4.06°N, 36.33°EKoobi Fora — 3.95°N, 36.42°EKoobi Fora — 3.73°N, 36.43°EKoobi Fora — 3.70°N, 36.32°EKoobi Fora — 3.57°N, 36.33°EKoobi Fora — 3.59°N, 36.24°ENachukui — 3.88°N, 35.72°ENachukui — 4.00°N, 35.73°ENachukui — 4.25°N, 35.79°ENachukui — 4.15°N, 35.74°ENachukui — 4.23°N, 35.81°ENachukui — 4.10°N, 35.77°ENachukui — 3.87°N, 35.76°ENachukui — 2.90°N, 36.05°ENachukui — 3.08°N, 35.83°ENachukui — 4.53°N, 35.75°ENachukui — 4.11°N, 35.73°ENachukui — 4.67°N, 35.75°ENachukui — 4.41°N, 35.83°ENachukui — 4.53°N, 35.92°ENachukui — 3.68°N, 35.75°ENachukui — 3.95°N, 35.45°EShungura — 5.09°N, 36.02°EShungura — 5.05°N, 36.01°EShungura — 5.09°N, 36.06°EVogel River Series — 3.13°S, 35.13°EVogel River Series — 3.24°S, 35.18°EVogel River Series — 3.22°S, 35.01°EVogel River Series — 3.25°S, 35.20°EVogel River Series — 3.23°S, 36.19°EVogel River Series — 3.01°S, 35.20°EOlduvai — 2.97°S, 35.32°EOlduvai — 2.98°S, 34.32°EOlduvai — 2.98°S, 35.37°ESwartkrans — 26.02°S, 27.72°EValentine — 42.70°N, 100.00°WValentine — 42.49°N, 98.11°WValentine — 42.80°N, 100.80°WValentine — 42.80°N, 99.70°WValentine — 42.81°N, 100.05°WValentine — 40.02°N, 98.53°WValentine — 42.78°N, 100.03°WValentine — 40.10°N, 98.50°WValentine — 42.60°N, 98.00°WVarswater — 32.98°S, 18.15°EVarswater — 33.67°S, 18.43°EAsh Hollow — 42.80°N, 100.80°WAsh Hollow — 42.39°N, 98.10°WAsh Hollow — 40.50°N, 100.50°WAsh Hollow — 43.20°N, 100.70°WAsh Hollow — 42.60°N, 98.00°WAsh Hollow — 41.30°N, 105.10°WAsh Hollow — 42.70°N, 100.00°WAsh Hollow — 41.70°N, 103.10°WAsh Hollow — 41.30°N, 101.89°WAsh Hollow — 41.20°N, 101.80°WAsh Hollow — 43.40°N, 100.60°WAsh Hollow — 41.40°N, 102.40°WAsh Hollow — 42.30°N, 98.00°WAsh Hollow — 41.10°N, 103.00°WHumbu — 2.33°S, 35.97°EChiwondo — 9.92°S, 34.92°EChiwondo — 10.17°S, 34.00°EChiwondo — 9.83°S, 34.83°EChiwondo — 10.33°S, 34.17°EChiwondo — 10.00°S, 33.92°EChiwondo — 10.05°S, 33.96°EOlorgesailie — 1.57°S, 36.44°EMytilinii — 37.75°N, 26.89°EMytilinii — 37.74°N, 26.89°EWood Mountain — 49.20°N, 106.20°WWood Mountain — 49.17°N, 105.99°WKromdraai — 26.00°S, 27.75°EKromdraai — 26.00°S, 27.45°EWehaietu — 10.73°N, 40.42°EWehaietu — 10.90°N, 40.47°EWehaietu — 10.72°N, 40.50°EWehaietu — 10.32°N, 40.55°EWehaietu — 10.63°N, 40.54°EBrule — 42.90°N, 105.20°WBrule — 42.80°N, 103.10°WBrule — 40.80°N, 103.10°WBrule — 43.90°N, 102.40°WBrule — 43.30°N, 102.50°WBrule — 46.90°N, 102.80°WBrule — 43.20°N, 103.20°WBrule — 43.85°N, 102.50°WBrule — 46.40°N, 103.30°WBrule — 43.50°N, 101.90°WBrule — 42.85°N, 103.82°WBrule — 42.40°N, 103.80°WBrule — 43.80°N, 103.10°WHadar — 11.13°N, 40.59°EPalm Spring — 32.90°N, 117.10°WWembere-Manonga — 3.86°S, 33.71°EWembere-Manonga — 3.88°S, 33.85°EWembere-Manonga — 4.03°S, 33.77°EWembere-Manonga — 3.92°S, 33.87°EWembere-Manonga — 3.09°S, 33.73°ENgorora — 0.90°N, 35.85°EChemoigut — 0.65°N, 36.20°ESterkfontein — 26.02°S, 27.73°ECromer Forest Bed — 52.46°N, 1.73°ECromer Forest Bed — 52.94°N, 1.25°ECromer Forest Bed — 52.88°N, 1.44°ECromer Forest Bed — 52.92°N, 1.34°ECromer Forest Bed — 52.42°N, 1.72°E

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The named rock units Pecora has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 462 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 5,997 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Pecora and its relatives

Pleistocene

Where Pecora and its relatives were recorded in the Pleistocene.

Found in the same rock

1,543 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records at least 1,150 sites for Pecora, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

1,733 references

Each of the 11,133 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 1,721 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Pecora

Credit
Horcrux
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Credit
Louga7111
Licence
CC Attribution
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itRuminantia through timeFormations of the PleistoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Linnaeus 1758)