Harpoceratinae

Harpoceratinae is an extinct subfamily of cephalopods belonging to the family Hildoceratidae. Ammonites of this subfamily had involute and compressed shells with strong keels. Keel might be rarely missing, but this is considered to be an abnormality. This has been observed both in Cleviceras and Harpoceras and called as genus Monestieria, which is now known to be invalid. Another example is Pseudolioceras, whose unkeeled specimen was used as type for description of invalid genus Praehaploceras. Oxyconic forms of this subfamily does not have any keel. Ribs were single, but in some genera also bifurcating with shapes from sigmoidal to falcate. Sometimes, shell can have only striate ribs or is smooth. Tubercules are rare. Dimorphism is known in some genera and it is observable mostly in size. Macrochons can be 4, to 6 times larger than microconchs. As an example, macroconchs of Pseudolioceras are more than 150mm in diameter, while adult microconchs are only 35-50mm. There are big size differences even within dimorphs. Specimens ca be 2, or sometimes even 3 times bigger than other specimens of same dimorph.

Harpoceratinae

Hectonichus · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
HildoceratidaePBDB
Diet
carnivorePBDB, for Ammonoidea
Life habit
nektonicPBDB, for Ammonoidea
Motility
fast-movingPBDB, for Ammonoidea
Vision
well-developedPBDB, for Cephalopoda
Environment
marinePBDB, for Cephalopoda

Time the record covers

At least 66 million years on record.

The record covers at least 199.5 Mya to 132.6 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 201.4 Mya to 125.77 Mya.

Late Triassic — about 0 of 1564 occurrencesEarly Jurassic — about 1485 of 1564 occurrencesEarly JurassicMiddle Jurassic — about 75 of 1564 occurrencesMiddle JurassicLate Jurassic — about 3 of 1564 occurrencesLate JurassicEarly Cretaceous — about 1 of 1564 occurrencesEarly Cretaceous203–200 Mya — about 1 occurrence200–198 Mya — about 1 occurrence198–195 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences195–192 Mya — about 15 occurrences192–190 Mya — about 80 occurrences190–187 Mya — about 80 occurrences187–185 Mya — about 80 occurrences185–182 Mya — about 695 occurrences182–179 Mya — about 227 occurrences179–177 Mya — about 173 occurrences177–174 Mya — about 140 occurrences174–171 Mya — about 34 occurrences171–169 Mya — about 28 occurrences169–166 Mya — about 3 occurrences166–164 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences164–161 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences161–158 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences158–156 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences156–153 Mya — about 1 occurrence153–150 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences150–148 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences148–145 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences145–143 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences135–132 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences132–130 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences130–127 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences127–124 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences199.5 Mya132.6 Mya203 Mya124 Mya

1,564 occurrences of Harpoceratinae on record, most of them in the Early Jurassic. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

1,564 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

70 formations

Subbetic Basin — 37.70°N, 3.63°WSubbetic Basin — 37.38°N, 3.71°WSubbetic Basin — 37.59°N, 3.21°WSubbetic Basin — 38.06°N, 3.26°WSubbetic Basin — 38.13°N, 1.47°WNishinakayama — 34.25°N, 131.00°EJet Rock — 54.55°N, 0.77°WJet Rock — 54.53°N, 0.71°WJet Rock — 54.46°N, 0.54°WJet Rock — 54.48°N, 0.58°WJet Rock — 54.40°N, 0.49°WWhiteaves — 53.42°N, 132.26°WWhiteaves — 53.20°N, 132.05°WWhiteaves — 52.96°N, 131.61°WBugarone — 43.33°N, 13.22°EKisgerecse — 47.70°N, 18.43°EKisgerecse — 47.67°N, 18.45°ECamino — 43.05°N, 4.07°WSunrise — 38.49°N, 118.10°WSunrise — 39.33°N, 118.07°WMarnes de Fontaneilles — 43.85°N, 3.12°EFannin — 53.03°N, 131.88°WFannin — 53.18°N, 132.02°WFannin — 53.39°N, 132.27°WFannin — 53.20°N, 132.05°WSpatsizi — 57.49°N, 128.89°WSpatsizi — 57.58°N, 128.93°WSpatsizi — 57.87°N, 129.57°WSpatsizi — 57.62°N, 128.97°WIsztimér — 47.19°N, 17.90°EIsztimér — 47.28°N, 17.84°EAgoudim — 31.95°N, 5.04°WCastillo Pedroso — 43.15°N, 4.37°WTakwahoni — 58.65°N, 133.08°WTakwahoni — 58.80°N, 133.11°WTakwahoni — 58.63°N, 132.85°WTakwahoni — 58.66°N, 132.68°WTakwahoni — 58.60°N, 132.52°WTakwahoni — 58.50°N, 132.50°WKisgerecse Marl — 47.70°N, 18.49°EJurensismergel — 47.95°N, 7.82°EJurensismergel — 48.83°N, 10.10°EHall — 49.23°N, 117.30°WAlum Shale — 54.49°N, 0.60°WAlum Shale — 54.40°N, 0.47°WLautaro — 27.66°S, 69.97°WLautaro — 28.20°S, 70.00°WLautaro — 28.14°S, 69.97°WLautaro — 28.21°S, 69.94°WLautaro — 28.25°S, 69.93°WLautaro — 28.15°S, 69.79°WLautaro — 27.99°S, 69.71°WLautaro — 27.70°S, 69.61°WLautaro — 27.89°S, 69.84°WPosidonienschiefer — 48.23°N, 8.79°EPosidonienschiefer — 49.35°N, 11.36°ETurmiel — 41.31°N, 0.81°WOzirovo — 42.75°N, 24.75°EOzirovo — 42.92°N, 23.27°EOzirovo — 41.89°N, 24.58°EOzirovo — 42.86°N, 26.42°EOzirovo — 42.94°N, 24.41°EOzirovo — 43.22°N, 23.39°EOzirovo — 43.11°N, 23.30°ECastillo Pedros — 42.89°N, 3.98°W

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The named rock units Harpoceratinae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 46 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 561 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Harpoceratinae and its relatives

Early Jurassic

Where Harpoceratinae and its relatives were recorded in the Early Jurassic.

Found in the same rock

311 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 889 sites for Harpoceratinae, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

113 references

Each of the 1,564 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 101 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Harpoceratinae

Credit
Hectonichus
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Harpoceratinae was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itHildoceratidae through timeFormations of the Early JurassicThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Neumayr 1875