Eugeneodontiformes

Eugeneodontiformes is an extinct and poorly known order of cartilaginous fishes. They possessed "tooth-whorls" on the symphysis of either the lower or both jaws, and pectoral fins supported by long radials. They probably lacked pelvic fins and anal fins. The palatoquadrate was either fused to the skull or reduced in various members of the group. They are now determined to be within the Holocephali; their closest living relatives are chimaeras. The eugeneodonts are named after paleontologist Eugene S. Richardson, Jr. The group first appeared in the fossil record during the late Mississippian (Serpukhovian), and the last eugeneodonts are known from the Early Triassic (Olenekian).

Eugeneodontiformes

Uncredited · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
HolocephaliPBDB
Diet
carnivorePBDB
Life habit
nektonicPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB

Time the record covers

At least 66 million years on record.

The record covers at least 315.2 Mya to 248.6 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 323.4 Mya to 247 Mya.

Carboniferous — about 52 of 138 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 73 of 138 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 13 of 138 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 0 of 138 occurrences325–322 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences322–320 Mya — about 2 occurrences320–317 Mya — about 2 occurrences317–314 Mya — about 4 occurrences314–312 Mya — about 9 occurrences312–309 Mya — about 9 occurrences309–306 Mya — about 9 occurrences306–304 Mya — about 9 occurrences304–301 Mya — about 5 occurrences301–298 Mya — about 4 occurrences298–296 Mya — about 3 occurrences296–293 Mya — about 2 occurrences293–290 Mya — about 2 occurrences290–288 Mya — about 2 occurrences288–285 Mya — about 2 occurrences285–283 Mya — about 2 occurrences283–280 Mya — about 2 occurrences280–277 Mya — about 2 occurrences277–275 Mya — about 2 occurrences275–272 Mya — about 8 occurrences272–269 Mya — about 9 occurrences269–267 Mya — about 8 occurrences267–264 Mya — about 2 occurrences264–261 Mya — about 2 occurrences261–259 Mya — about 4 occurrences259–256 Mya — about 7 occurrences256–253 Mya — about 8 occurrences253–251 Mya — about 8 occurrences251–248 Mya — about 10 occurrences248–245 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences315.2 Mya248.6 Mya325 Mya245 Mya

138 occurrences of Eugeneodontiformes on record, most of them in the Permian. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

138 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

51 formations

Phosphoria — 42.97°N, 106.78°WPhosphoria — 39.60°N, 110.82°WPhosphoria — 47.06°N, 109.43°WPhosphoria — 44.00°N, 114.00°WPhosphoria — 43.35°N, 109.40°WPhosphoria — 42.32°N, 111.30°WPhosphoria — 42.32°N, 111.24°WPhosphoria — 43.04°N, 112.06°WPhosphoria — 43.19°N, 109.16°WPhosphoria — 42.30°N, 111.02°WPhosphoria — 42.89°N, 111.40°WPhosphoria — 42.80°N, 111.39°WPhosphoria — 42.53°N, 111.25°WPhosphoria — 42.67°N, 111.28°WSulphur Mountain — 54.53°N, 120.74°WLinton — 39.72°N, 87.32°WLinton — 40.94°N, 90.27°WStaunton — 39.85°N, 87.30°WChangxing — 31.08°N, 119.71°EDalong — 25.59°N, 112.36°EDalong — 32.62°N, 105.85°EChhidru — 35.75°N, 72.75°EChhidru — 32.55°N, 71.81°EQixia — 27.93°N, 111.90°EQixia — 31.12°N, 112.22°EMinturn — 39.91°N, 106.71°WMinturn — 39.92°N, 106.78°WDennis — 41.32°N, 94.00°WDennis — 41.14°N, 95.98°WAltamont Limestone — 37.04°N, 95.53°WMinnelusa — 44.22°N, 103.41°WGrenola — 38.95°N, 96.40°WHambast — 31.56°N, 52.44°EKhuff — 21.01°N, 57.66°EGraham — 33.25°N, 98.12°WGraham — 33.24°N, 98.12°WHueco — 32.37°N, 106.88°WKhunamuh — 34.00°N, 75.00°ELueders — 33.78°N, 99.14°WMoenkopi — 37.03°N, 113.27°WAssistance — 75.82°N, 108.60°WBone Spring — 31.88°N, 104.88°WIchinotani — 36.22°N, 137.51°EPatlanoaya — 18.50°N, 98.25°W

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The named rock units Eugeneodontiformes has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 27 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 36 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Eugeneodontiformes and its relatives

Permian

Where Eugeneodontiformes and its relatives were recorded in the Permian.

Found in the same rock

343 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 109 sites for Eugeneodontiformes, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

69 references

Each of the 138 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 57 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Eugeneodontiformes

Credit
nobody named on the record
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Eugeneodontiformes was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itHolocephali through timeFormations of the PermianThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Zangerl 1981