Diapsida
Diapsids are a clade of sauropsids, distinguished from other reptiles by the presence of two holes, known as temporal fenestrae, in each side of their skulls. The earliest traditionally identified diapsids, the araeoscelidians, appeared about three hundred million years ago during the late Carboniferous period. All diapsids other than the most primitive ones in the clade Araeoscelidia are often placed into the clade Neodiapsida, which appeared during the following Permian. The diapsids are extremely diverse, and in a cladistic sense, include birds and all modern reptile groups, including turtles, which were historically thought to lie outside the group. Recent studies have questioned the relationship of Araeoscelidia to Neodiapsida, with cladistic analyses suggesting the diapsid condition of araeoscelidians was evolved independently of neodiapsids.

Leigh Bedford · CC BY 2.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.
On record
Recorded, not inferred- Also called
- diapsidPBDB
- Sits inside
- RomeriidaPBDB
- Motility
- actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
- Environment
- terrestrialPBDB
Time the record covers
At least 283 million years on record.
The record covers at least 283.3 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 290.1 Mya to 0 Mya.
12,000+ occurrences of Diapsida on record. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.
When
12,000 occurrences read- Permianunder 1%
- Early Triassicunder 1%
- Middle Triassicunder 1%
- Late Triassic4%
- Early Jurassic4%
- Middle Jurassic3%
- Late Jurassic9%
- Early Cretaceous13%
- Late Cretaceous42%
- Paleocene1%
- Eocene6%
- Oligoceneunder 1%
- Miocene6%
- Pliocene3%
- Pleistocene7%
- Holoceneunder 1%
These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. The read hit its cap, so every figure above is a floor and the shares are of the occurrences read. More on what this infers.
Found in
at least 979 formations
- Hell Creek Formation · Montana Group909
- Morrison Formation655
- Dinosaur Park Formation · Belly River Group463
- Lance Formation · Montana Group293
- Fruitland/Kirtland Formation290
- Oldman Formation · Belly River Group278
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The named rock units Diapsida has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. The read hit its cap, so each count is a floor. 955 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 1,568 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.
Found in the same rock
2,464 taxa- Crocodylus25 sites
- Osteichthyes23 sites
- Reptilia23 sites
- Bovidae22 sites
- Clarias22 sites
- Tragelaphus21 sites
- Aves20 sites
- Trionychidae19 sites
- Hipparion18 sites
- Mammalia17 sites
- Trionyx17 sites
- Alcelaphini16 sites
- Equus16 sites
- Gazella16 sites
- Ceratotherium15 sites
- Geochelone15 sites
- Hystrix15 sites
- Cercopithecidae14 sites
- Struthio camelus14 sites
- Hippopotamus amphibius13 sites
- Dinosauria12 sites
- Euthecodon brumpti12 sites
- Alcelaphus buselaphus11 sites
- Bos taurus11 sites
The Paleobiology Database records at least 788 sites for Diapsida, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.
This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.
Entered from
at least 3,086 references- Fossil Vertebrate Collections419
- Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Hell Creek Formation in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota397
- Paleontological survey, resource assessment, and mitigation plan for the Bisti-Star Lake Area, northwestern New Mexico342
- Dinozavri severnoi Yevrazii: Novye dannye o sostave kompleksov, ekologii i paleobiogeografii [Dinosaurs of northern Eurasia: new data about assemblages, ecology, and paleobiogeography]318
- Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide235
- Stratigraphy and mammalian paleontology of the McCullough Peaks, northern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming: Implications for biochronology, basin development, and community reorganization across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary227
- Paleontology of the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Dinosaur National Park, Alberta, Canada: evidence from vertebrate microfossil locality162
- Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Bighorn Basin area, Wyoming and Montana142
- Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil vertebrates and so forth109
- Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming91
- Paleoecological analysis of the vertebrate fauna of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Rocky Mountain region, U.S.A.90
- Paleoecology of an estuarine, incised-valley fill in the Dinosaur Park Formation (Judith River Group, Upper Cretaceous) of southern Alberta, Canada89
Each of the 12,000 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. That read hit its cap, so each count is a floor. 3,074 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.
Media and terms
Media content1
Picture of Diapsida
- Source
- Wikipedia/Commons
- Credit
- Leigh Bedford
- Licence
- CC BY 2.0
- Commercial use
- the licence allows it
No 3D scan of Diapsida was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.
Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.
The description on this site
- Source
- Wikipedia, “Diapsid”
- Licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.
Keep going
What may have been alongside itRomeriida through timeThe world it lived on
Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Osborn 1903)