Clinocardium

Clinocardium is a genus of marine bivalve molluscs in the family Cardiidae, the cockles. This genera mainly contains extinct members, only being represented by the single living species Clinocardium nuttallii, also known as the basket cockle, heart cockle, or Nuttall's cockle, a large edible saltwater clam. This species was originally described in the genus Cardium, with the species name being after zoologist, Thomas Nuttall, in 1837, with the type locality being from the Columbia River estuary in Oregon. Cardium was eventually split into multiple genera, where C. nuttallii was moved to its current genera Clinocardium in 1936. This species also has a history in the fossil record with its earliest known appearance being from Asagai Formation from the Oligocene in Fukushima, Japan. Fossils have so far been uncovered in the United States, Japan, Russia, and Canada.

Clinocardium

Светлана Царахова · CC0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
ClinocardiinaePBDB
Diet
suspension feederPBDB, for Cardiidae
Life habit
infaunalPBDB, for Cardiidae
Motility
facultatively mobilePBDB, for Cardiidae
Vision
blindPBDB, for Bivalvia

Time the record covers

At least 47 million years on record.

The record covers at least 48.07 Mya to 129 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 56 Mya to 0 Mya.

Paleocene — about 0 of 220 occurrencesEocene — about 2 of 220 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 27 of 220 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 90 of 220 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 26 of 220 occurrencesPleistocene — about 75 of 220 occurrences57–55 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences55–53 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences53–51 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences51–50 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences50–48 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences34–32 Mya — about 2 occurrences32–30 Mya — about 2 occurrences30–29 Mya — about 2 occurrences29–27 Mya — about 4 occurrences27–25 Mya — about 8 occurrences25–23 Mya — about 8 occurrences23–21 Mya — about 5 occurrences21–19 Mya — about 5 occurrences19–17 Mya — about 5 occurrences17–15 Mya — about 8 occurrences15–13 Mya — about 12 occurrences13–11 Mya — about 10 occurrences11–9.5 Mya — about 18 occurrences9.5–7.6 Mya — about 18 occurrences7.6–5.7 Mya — about 8 occurrences5.7–3.8 Mya — about 14 occurrences3.8–1.9 Mya — about 36 occurrences1.9–0 Mya — about 51 occurrences48.07 Mya129 ka57 Mya0 Mya

220 occurrences of Clinocardium on record, most of them in the Miocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

220 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

73 formations

Tachilni — 54.98°N, 162.85°WTachilni — 54.98°N, 163.85°WTachilni — 54.92°N, 163.87°WTachilni — 54.98°N, 164.65°WTachilni — 54.79°N, 163.36°WTachilni — 54.95°N, 163.05°WTachilni — 54.97°N, 163.17°WTachilni — 54.85°N, 163.41°WCareaga Sandstone — 34.88°N, 120.51°WCareaga Sandstone — 34.84°N, 120.41°WCareaga Sandstone — 34.90°N, 120.32°WCareaga Sandstone — 34.74°N, 120.41°WCareaga Sandstone — 34.82°N, 120.45°WOmagari — 42.83°N, 143.67°ETimms Point Silt — 33.73°N, 118.28°WPalos Verdes Sand — 33.71°N, 118.27°WPalos Verdes Sand — 33.63°N, 117.95°WSan Pedro Sand — 33.74°N, 118.28°WClallam — 48.23°N, 124.14°WClallam — 48.20°N, 122.11°WClallam — 48.27°N, 122.25°WAusinskaya — 47.67°N, 142.01°EAusinskaya — 47.05°N, 142.06°ENishikurosawa — 39.70°N, 140.12°ETentokuji — 39.75°N, 140.41°ENarrrow Cape Formaton — 56.54°N, 154.34°WUnnamed — 33.24°N, 119.51°WUnnamed — 33.24°N, 119.55°WUndal-Umenskaya — 62.08°N, 175.33°EShiranuka — 43.03°N, 134.08°EShiranuka — 42.95°N, 144.08°EEmpire — 43.39°N, 124.28°WEmpire — 42.84°N, 124.56°WIshiizawa — 42.83°N, 143.81°ESan Pedro — 33.80°N, 118.16°WAsagai — 37.05°N, 140.92°EBear lake — 56.01°N, 160.24°WBear lake — 55.20°N, 161.59°WAluginskaya — 60.42°N, 165.92°EPakhachinskaya — 60.42°N, 165.92°EPakhachinskaya — 60.00°N, 165.00°EEnemtenskaya — 58.00°N, 158.00°EEtolonskaya — 58.42°N, 159.00°EIl'inskaya — 57.78°N, 158.58°E

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The named rock units Clinocardium has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 49 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 24 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Clinocardium and its relatives

Miocene

Where Clinocardium and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

1,572 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 119 sites for Clinocardium, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

66 references

Each of the 220 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 54 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content3

Picture of Clinocardium

Credit
Светлана Царахова
Licence
CC0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

CT scan

Licence
In Copyright
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
Specimen
Clinocardium nuttallii · fmnh:invertebrate zoology:8995

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC Attribution-NonCommercial
Commercial use
the licence does not allow it

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itClinocardiinae through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Keen 1936)