Cassiduloida

Cassiduloida is an order of sea urchins. The group was extremely diverse with many families and species during the Mesozoic, but today, only seven extant species remain.

Cassiduloida

Didier Descouens · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikidata/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
NeognathostomataPBDB
Diet
detritivorePBDB
Life habit
semi-infaunalPBDB
Motility
slow-movingPBDB
Vision
limitedPBDB, for Echinoidea
Environment
marinePBDB, for Echinodermata

Time the record covers

At least 120 million years on record.

The record covers at least 121.4 Mya to 774 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 125.77 Mya to 129 ka.

Early Cretaceous — about 9 of 456 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 246 of 456 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 25 of 456 occurrencesEocene — about 114 of 456 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 36 of 456 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 21 of 456 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 1 of 456 occurrencesPleistocene — about 4 of 456 occurrences128–124 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences124–120 Mya — about 1 occurrence120–115 Mya — about 2 occurrences115–111 Mya — about 2 occurrences111–107 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences107–103 Mya — about 2 occurrences103–98 Mya — about 20 occurrences98–94 Mya — about 36 occurrences94–90 Mya — about 9 occurrences90–86 Mya — about 5 occurrences86–81 Mya — about 12 occurrences81–77 Mya — about 7 occurrences77–73 Mya — about 7 occurrences73–68 Mya — about 93 occurrences68–64 Mya — about 67 occurrences64–60 Mya — about 12 occurrences60–56 Mya — about 5 occurrences56–51 Mya — about 6 occurrences51–47 Mya — about 7 occurrences47–43 Mya — about 12 occurrences43–38 Mya — about 48 occurrences38–34 Mya — about 38 occurrences34–30 Mya — about 21 occurrences30–26 Mya — about 14 occurrences26–21 Mya — about 5 occurrences21–17 Mya — about 8 occurrences17–13 Mya — about 5 occurrences13–8.6 Mya — about 3 occurrences8.6–4.3 Mya — about 3 occurrences4.3–0 Mya — about 4 occurrences121.4 Mya774 ka128 Mya0 Mya

456 occurrences of Cassiduloida on record, most of them in the Late Cretaceous. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group, and the chart stops with its fossils rather than at the present. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

456 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

96 formations

Castle Hayne — 34.64°N, 77.65°WCastle Hayne — 34.37°N, 77.86°WCastle Hayne — 34.97°N, 78.05°WCastle Hayne — 34.75°N, 77.43°WCastle Hayne — 35.36°N, 77.32°WCastle Hayne — 34.87°N, 78.05°WCastle Hayne — 34.66°N, 77.73°WCastle Hayne — 34.80°N, 78.02°WCastle Hayne — 34.36°N, 77.82°WCastle Hayne — 34.23°N, 77.94°WCastle Hayne — 34.85°N, 77.70°WCastle Hayne — 35.33°N, 77.30°WCastle Hayne — 34.27°N, 77.95°WCastle Hayne — 35.25°N, 77.44°WSantee Limestone — 33.33°N, 80.15°WSantee Limestone — 33.45°N, 80.16°WSantee Limestone — 33.33°N, 79.69°WSantee Limestone — 33.38°N, 80.15°WSantee Limestone — 33.28°N, 80.41°WSantee Limestone — 33.41°N, 80.30°WSantee Limestone — 33.45°N, 80.16°WSantee Limestone — 33.24°N, 79.46°WSantee Limestone — 33.57°N, 80.54°WMaastricht — 50.85°N, 5.70°EMaastricht — 50.85°N, 5.77°EMaastricht — 50.86°N, 5.79°ESuwannee Limestone — 29.33°N, 83.14°WSuwannee Limestone — 28.20°N, 82.18°WSuwannee Limestone — 28.56°N, 82.39°WSuwannee Limestone — 30.11°N, 82.70°WSuwannee Limestone — 30.33°N, 82.76°WSuwannee Limestone — 29.92°N, 82.71°WSuwannee Limestone — 29.87°N, 82.75°WSuwannee Limestone — 30.38°N, 83.17°WSuwannee Limestone — 30.36°N, 83.13°WSuwannee Limestone — 30.30°N, 83.10°WSuwannee Limestone — 30.28°N, 83.71°WSuwannee Limestone — 29.81°N, 82.94°WSuwannee Limestone — 30.12°N, 83.60°WSuwannee Limestone — 30.38°N, 83.80°WSuwannee Limestone — 30.37°N, 83.94°WSuwannee Limestone — 30.17°N, 83.96°WSuwannee Limestone — 28.90°N, 82.59°WProvidence — 31.78°N, 85.14°WProvidence — 31.75°N, 85.12°WProvidence — 31.82°N, 85.00°WRipley — 34.49°N, 89.01°WRipley — 31.78°N, 85.14°WRipley — 31.72°N, 85.12°WRipley — 34.22°N, 89.00°WRipley — 34.82°N, 88.88°WRipley — 30.90°N, 84.58°WRipley — 31.90°N, 85.13°WPrairie Bluff — 34.25°N, 88.97°WPrairie Bluff — 34.22°N, 89.00°WPrairie Bluff — 33.79°N, 88.97°WPrairie Bluff — 33.79°N, 88.91°WPrairie Bluff — 33.72°N, 88.92°WPrairie Bluff — 33.51°N, 88.81°WPrairie Bluff — 33.38°N, 88.74°WPrairie Bluff — 32.13°N, 87.40°WPrairie Bluff — 32.07°N, 87.33°WPrairie Bluff — 32.34°N, 86.77°WMaastricht — 50.80°N, 5.67°EPeedee — 34.42°N, 77.86°WPeedee — 33.69°N, 78.89°WPeedee — 35.25°N, 77.29°WPeedee — 34.46°N, 77.87°WPeedee — 34.35°N, 78.18°WPeedee — 34.26°N, 77.95°WChiwapa — 34.63°N, 88.85°WChiwapa — 34.60°N, 88.95°WChiwapa — 34.46°N, 88.90°WChiwapa — 34.19°N, 88.98°WChiwapa — 34.25°N, 88.96°WClayton — 31.95°N, 86.31°WClayton — 31.89°N, 84.80°WClayton — 31.71°N, 85.61°WClayton — 31.93°N, 86.68°WClayton — 31.72°N, 86.26°WClayton — 32.21°N, 84.32°WClayton — 31.94°N, 86.32°WSimsima — 24.87°N, 55.95°ECorsicana Marl — 29.59°N, 98.08°WCorsicana Marl — 29.40°N, 98.63°WCorsicana Marl — 29.39°N, 98.71°WCorsicana Marl — 29.37°N, 98.78°WCorsicana Marl — 29.48°N, 98.81°WGulpen — 50.80°N, 5.67°EEutaw — 32.43°N, 87.04°WEutaw — 32.38°N, 86.82°WEutaw — 32.32°N, 86.39°WEutaw — 32.41°N, 86.87°WCabo de Lata — 43.49°N, 3.79°WCabo de Lata — 42.84°N, 2.18°WMoreno — 37.25°N, 121.16°WMoreno — 37.24°N, 121.14°WCrystal River Limestone — 31.25°N, 86.77°WCrystal River Limestone — 30.77°N, 85.23°WCrystal River Limestone — 28.93°N, 82.70°WInglis Limestone — 29.02°N, 82.62°WInglis Limestone — 29.03°N, 82.67°WOcala — 30.99°N, 84.55°WOcala — 30.11°N, 83.22°WOcala — 31.17°N, 84.82°WOcala — 31.17°N, 84.74°WOcala — 30.95°N, 85.23°WGrizzle — 50.80°N, 0.18°EUpper Greensand — 50.80°N, 0.18°EUpper Greensand — 51.28°N, 0.37°WUpper Greensand — 50.75°N, 2.33°WPietra Leccese — 40.08°N, 18.42°EGulpen — 50.85°N, 5.70°E

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The named rock units Cassiduloida has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 72 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 87 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Cassiduloida and its relatives

Late Cretaceous

Where Cassiduloida and its relatives were recorded in the Late Cretaceous.

Found in the same rock

2,061 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 333 sites for Cassiduloida, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

88 references

Each of the 456 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 76 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Cassiduloida

Credit
Didier Descouens
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Cassiduloida was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itNeognathostomata through timeFormations of the Late CretaceousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Agassiz and Desor 1847