Carpinus betulus

Carpinus betulus, the European or common hornbeam, is a species of tree in the birch family Betulaceae, native to Western Asia and central, eastern, and southern Europe, including southern England. It requires a warm climate for good growth, and occurs only at elevations up to 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). It grows in mixed stands with oak, and in some areas beech, and is also a common tree in scree forests. Hornbeam was also known as yoke elm. Together with Carpinus orientalis and Carpinus austrobalcanica, it is one of the three hornbeams found in Europe.

Carpinus betulus

Willow · CC BY 2.5 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
CarpinusPBDB
Diet
"photoautotroph"PBDB, for Angiospermae

Time the record covers

At least 9 million years on record.

The record covers at least 11.63 Mya to 2.58 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 13.82 Mya to 11.7 ka.

Miocene — about 14 of 24 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 8 of 24 occurrencesPliocenePleistocene — about 2 of 24 occurrencesPleistocene14–13 Mya — about 2 occurrences13–13 Mya — about 2 occurrences13–12 Mya — about 2 occurrences12–12 Mya — about 2 occurrences12–11 Mya — about 2 occurrences11–11 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences11–11 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences11–10 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences10–9.5 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences9.5–9.1 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences9.1–8.6 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences8.6–8.1 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences8.1–7.6 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences7.6–7.2 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences7.2–6.7 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences6.7–6.2 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences6.2–5.7 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences5.7–5.3 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences5.3–4.8 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences4.8–4.3 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences4.3–3.8 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences3.8–3.3 Mya — about 2 occurrences3.3–2.9 Mya — about 2 occurrences2.9–2.4 Mya — about 2 occurrences2.4–1.9 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences1.9–1.4 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences1.4–955 ka Mya — about 0.5 occurrences955 ka–477 ka Mya — about 0.3 occurrences477 ka–0 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences11.63 Mya2.58 Mya14.3 Mya0 Mya

24 occurrences of Carpinus betulus on record, most of them in the Miocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

24 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Carpinus betulus and its relatives

Miocene

Where Carpinus betulus and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

79 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 3 sites for Carpinus betulus, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

6 references

Each of the 24 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Carpinus betulus

Credit
Willow
Licence
CC BY 2.5
Commercial use
the licence allows it

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Credit
xfrog
Licence
CC Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs
Commercial use
the licence does not allow it

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itCarpinus through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Linnaeus 1753