Artiodactyla

Searched as Artiodactyla indet.. The Paleobiology Database treats Artiodactyla as the accepted name.

Artiodactyla is an order of placental mammals. Typically, they are ungulates which bear weight equally on two of their five toes. The other three toes are either present, absent, vestigial, or pointing posteriorly. By contrast, most perissodactyls bear weight on an odd number of the five toes. Another difference between the two orders is that many artiodactyls digest plant cellulose in one or more stomach chambers rather than in their intestine. Molecular biology, along with fossil discoveries, has found that cetaceans fall within this taxonomic branch, being most closely related to hippopotamuses. Some modern taxonomists thus apply the name Cetartiodactyla to this group, while others opt to include cetaceans within the existing name of Artiodactyla. Some researchers use "even-toed ungulates" to exclude cetaceans and only include terrestrial artiodactyls, making the term paraphyletic in nature.

Artiodactyla

LittleJerry · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
even-toed ungulatePBDB
Sits inside
ArtiodactylamorphaPBDB
Diet
grazer, browserPBDB
Life habit
ground dwellingPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB

Time the record covers

At least 51 million years on record.

The record covers at least 51.1 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 66 Mya to 0 Mya.

Late Cretaceous — about 0 of 139 occurrencesPaleocene — about 0 of 139 occurrencesPaleoceneEocene — about 47 of 139 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 13 of 139 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 50 of 139 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 5 of 139 occurrencesPleistocene — about 17 of 139 occurrences67–65 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences65–63 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences63–61 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences61–58 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences58–56 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences56–54 Mya — about 3 occurrences54–52 Mya — about 3 occurrences52–49 Mya — about 3 occurrences49–47 Mya — about 3 occurrences47–45 Mya — about 6 occurrences45–43 Mya — about 8 occurrences43–40 Mya — about 8 occurrences40–38 Mya — about 5 occurrences38–36 Mya — about 4 occurrences36–34 Mya — about 5 occurrences34–31 Mya — about 3 occurrences31–29 Mya — about 2 occurrences29–27 Mya — about 3 occurrences27–25 Mya — about 3 occurrences25–22 Mya — about 5 occurrences22–20 Mya — about 6 occurrences20–18 Mya — about 7 occurrences18–16 Mya — about 7 occurrences16–13 Mya — about 7 occurrences13–11 Mya — about 9 occurrences11–9.0 Mya — about 6 occurrences9.0–6.7 Mya — about 4 occurrences6.7–4.5 Mya — about 4 occurrences4.5–2.2 Mya — about 5 occurrences2.2–0 Mya — about 22 occurrences51.1 Mya11.7 ka67 Mya0 Mya

139 occurrences of Artiodactyla on record, most of them in the Miocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

139 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

51 formations

Uinta — 40.08°N, 109.27°WChitarwata — 30.08°N, 70.33°EVihowa — 30.08°N, 70.33°ESantiago — 32.90°N, 117.10°WCorçà — 42.01°N, 0.83°ECorçà — 42.02°N, 0.70°EChu — 42.20°N, 75.41°EChu — 42.17°N, 75.71°EChu — 42.20°N, 75.61°EFleming — 30.60°N, 95.20°WFleming — 31.05°N, 93.21°WSixmile Creek — 45.20°N, 112.00°WFayette — 43.92°N, 5.53°EFayette — 43.86°N, 5.43°EJebel Qatrani — 29.50°N, 30.50°EKuldana — 33.63°N, 72.17°EIndian Meadows — 43.20°N, 108.20°WLower Variegated Sequence — 43.90°N, 110.80°W? Tepee Trail — 43.90°N, 110.80°WWashakie — 41.70°N, 109.00°WFriars — 32.90°N, 117.10°WStadium — 32.80°N, 117.12°WWhite River — 43.20°N, 108.20°WBatesland — 43.13°N, 101.87°WSalt Lake — 41.50°N, 112.90°WSan Diego — 32.90°N, 117.10°WTiim — 0.84°N, 35.82°EXianshuihe — 43.71°N, 112.82°EShara Murum — 42.04°N, 111.53°E

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The named rock units Artiodactyla has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 27 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 54 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Artiodactyla and its relatives

Miocene

Where Artiodactyla and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

1,259 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records at least 866 sites for Artiodactyla, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

88 references

Each of the 139 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 76 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Artiodactyla

Credit
LittleJerry
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC Attribution
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itArtiodactylamorpha through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Owen 1848)