Artiodactyla

Artiodactyla is an order of placental mammals. Typically, they are ungulates which bear weight equally on two of their five toes. The other three toes are either present, absent, vestigial, or pointing posteriorly. By contrast, most perissodactyls bear weight on an odd number of the five toes. Another difference between the two orders is that many artiodactyls digest plant cellulose in one or more stomach chambers rather than in their intestine. Molecular biology, along with fossil discoveries, has found that cetaceans fall within this taxonomic branch, being most closely related to hippopotamuses. Some modern taxonomists thus apply the name Cetartiodactyla to this group, while others opt to include cetaceans within the existing name of Artiodactyla. Some researchers use "even-toed ungulates" to exclude cetaceans and only include terrestrial artiodactyls, making the term paraphyletic in nature.

Artiodactyla

LittleJerry · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
even-toed ungulatePBDB
Sits inside
ArtiodactylamorphaPBDB
Diet
grazer, browserPBDB
Life habit
ground dwellingPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB

Time the record covers

At least 51 million years on record.

The record covers at least 51.1 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 56 Mya to 0 Mya.

Paleocene — about 0 of 12000 occurrencesEocene — about 1604 of 12000 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 970 of 12000 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 3190 of 12000 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 1397 of 12000 occurrencesPleistocene — about 4308 of 12000 occurrences57–55 Mya — about 43 occurrences55–53 Mya — about 105 occurrences53–51 Mya — about 105 occurrences51–50 Mya — about 60 occurrences50–48 Mya — about 54 occurrences48–46 Mya — about 67 occurrences46–44 Mya — about 103 occurrences44–42 Mya — about 103 occurrences42–40 Mya — about 139 occurrences40–38 Mya — about 158 occurrences38–36 Mya — about 249 occurrences36–34 Mya — about 350 occurrences34–32 Mya — about 374 occurrences32–30 Mya — about 233 occurrences30–29 Mya — about 138 occurrences29–27 Mya — about 106 occurrences27–25 Mya — about 111 occurrences25–23 Mya — about 97 occurrences23–21 Mya — about 204 occurrences21–19 Mya — about 203 occurrences19–17 Mya — about 329 occurrences17–15 Mya — about 416 occurrences15–13 Mya — about 464 occurrences13–11 Mya — about 445 occurrences11–9.5 Mya — about 428 occurrences9.5–7.6 Mya — about 288 occurrences7.6–5.7 Mya — about 326 occurrences5.7–3.8 Mya — about 587 occurrences3.8–1.9 Mya — about 2405 occurrences1.9–0 Mya — about 3310 occurrences51.1 Mya11.7 ka57 Mya0 Mya

12,000+ occurrences of Artiodactyla on record. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

12,000 occurrences read

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. The read hit its cap, so every figure above is a floor and the shares are of the occurrences read. More on what this infers.

Found in

at least 387 formations

Koobi Fora — 3.90°N, 36.24°EKoobi Fora — 3.98°N, 36.32°EKoobi Fora — 3.86°N, 36.26°EKoobi Fora — 4.07°N, 36.37°EKoobi Fora — 3.87°N, 36.37°EKoobi Fora — 4.31°N, 36.28°EKoobi Fora — 4.22°N, 36.43°EKoobi Fora — 3.75°N, 36.36°EKoobi Fora — 3.75°N, 36.34°EKoobi Fora — 3.73°N, 36.43°EKoobi Fora — 3.70°N, 36.32°EKoobi Fora — 4.28°N, 36.24°EKoobi Fora — 4.24°N, 36.28°EKoobi Fora — 4.28°N, 36.38°EKoobi Fora — 4.06°N, 36.33°EKoobi Fora — 3.59°N, 36.24°EKoobi Fora — 3.95°N, 36.42°EKoobi Fora — 3.57°N, 36.33°EKoobi Fora — 4.22°N, 36.24°EKoobi Fora — 4.10°N, 36.46°EShungura — 5.09°N, 36.02°EShungura — 5.04°N, 36.00°EShungura — 5.15°N, 36.03°EShungura — 5.09°N, 36.06°EBrule — 42.90°N, 105.20°WBrule — 43.50°N, 101.90°WBrule — 43.90°N, 102.40°WBrule — 42.80°N, 103.10°WBrule — 43.30°N, 102.50°WBrule — 40.80°N, 103.10°WBrule — 46.90°N, 102.80°WBrule — 42.40°N, 103.80°WBrule — 43.00°N, 104.50°WBrule — 43.20°N, 103.20°WBrule — 42.00°N, 104.20°WBrule — 41.80°N, 103.80°WBrule — 43.85°N, 102.50°WBrule — 43.71°N, 102.58°WBrule — 43.60°N, 102.45°WBrule — 46.40°N, 103.30°WBrule — 41.70°N, 103.10°WBrule — 41.83°N, 103.72°WBrule — 42.85°N, 103.82°WBrule — 42.70°N, 102.50°WNachukui — 3.88°N, 35.72°ENachukui — 4.00°N, 35.73°ENachukui — 4.25°N, 35.79°ENachukui — 4.15°N, 35.74°ENachukui — 4.23°N, 35.81°ENachukui — 4.10°N, 35.77°ENachukui — 3.87°N, 35.76°ENachukui — 2.90°N, 36.05°ENachukui — 3.08°N, 35.83°ENachukui — 4.53°N, 35.75°ENachukui — 4.11°N, 35.73°ENachukui — 4.67°N, 35.75°ENachukui — 4.41°N, 35.83°ENachukui — 4.53°N, 35.92°ENachukui — 3.68°N, 35.75°ENachukui — 3.95°N, 35.45°EVogel River Series — 3.13°S, 35.13°EVogel River Series — 3.23°S, 35.23°EVogel River Series — 3.26°S, 35.18°EVogel River Series — 3.23°S, 36.19°EVogel River Series — 3.01°S, 35.20°EVogel River Series — 3.22°S, 35.01°EValentine — 42.70°N, 100.00°WValentine — 42.49°N, 98.11°WValentine — 42.80°N, 100.80°WValentine — 42.80°N, 99.70°WValentine — 42.81°N, 100.05°WValentine — 40.02°N, 98.53°WValentine — 42.70°N, 102.50°WValentine — 42.78°N, 100.03°WValentine — 40.10°N, 98.50°WValentine — 42.90°N, 98.80°WValentine — 43.20°N, 99.80°WValentine — 42.60°N, 98.00°WOlduvai — 2.97°S, 35.32°EOlduvai — 2.98°S, 34.32°EOlduvai — 2.98°S, 35.37°EOlduvai — 2.98°S, 32.33°EAsh Hollow — 42.70°N, 100.87°WAsh Hollow — 42.80°N, 100.80°WAsh Hollow — 41.20°N, 101.80°WAsh Hollow — 42.39°N, 98.10°WAsh Hollow — 40.50°N, 100.50°WAsh Hollow — 43.20°N, 100.70°WAsh Hollow — 42.60°N, 98.00°WAsh Hollow — 42.70°N, 100.00°WAsh Hollow — 41.30°N, 105.10°WAsh Hollow — 41.70°N, 103.10°WAsh Hollow — 41.30°N, 101.89°WAsh Hollow — 43.40°N, 100.60°WAsh Hollow — 41.40°N, 102.40°WAsh Hollow — 42.30°N, 98.00°WAsh Hollow — 41.10°N, 103.00°WAsh Hollow — 42.80°N, 99.70°WAsh Hollow — 43.20°N, 99.80°WAsh Hollow — 42.70°N, 102.50°WSwartkrans — 26.02°S, 27.72°EChadron — 43.60°N, 102.45°WChadron — 42.00°N, 104.20°WChadron — 42.40°N, 103.80°WChadron — 42.80°N, 103.10°WChadron — 42.80°N, 103.40°WChadron — 42.90°N, 105.20°WChadron — 43.20°N, 103.20°WChadron — 43.30°N, 102.50°WChadron — 45.47°N, 112.62°WChadron — 46.10°N, 103.30°WChadron — 45.50°N, 103.10°WWillwood — 44.50°N, 108.00°WWillwood — 44.00°N, 108.00°WWillwood — 44.65°N, 109.93°WWillwood — 44.56°N, 108.70°WWillwood — 44.30°N, 109.00°WWillwood — 44.77°N, 109.08°WWhite River — 43.20°N, 107.10°WWhite River — 41.60°N, 105.80°WWhite River — 43.20°N, 108.20°WWhite River — 40.80°N, 103.10°WWhite River — 41.80°N, 107.00°WWhite River — 42.00°N, 104.20°WBridger — 41.20°N, 110.50°WBridger — 41.70°N, 109.00°WBridger — 42.70°N, 110.10°WBridger — 42.42°N, 109.35°WBridger — 41.80°N, 110.70°WBridger — 41.77°N, 110.33°WPalm Spring — 32.90°N, 117.10°WSespe — 34.30°N, 119.00°WOlorgesailie — 1.57°S, 36.44°ESharps — 43.30°N, 102.50°WSharps — 43.50°N, 101.90°WSharps — 43.90°N, 102.40°WHumbu — 2.33°S, 35.97°ENkondo — 1.50°N, 31.00°EChiwondo — 9.92°S, 34.92°EChiwondo — 10.17°S, 34.00°EChiwondo — 9.83°S, 34.83°EChiwondo — 10.33°S, 34.17°EChiwondo — 10.00°S, 33.92°ECypress Hills — 50.20°N, 107.60°WCypress Hills — 50.00°N, 107.90°WCypress Hills — 49.57°N, 109.88°WCypress Hills — 49.80°N, 109.00°WCypress Hills — 49.60°N, 108.80°WCypress Hills — 49.60°N, 109.00°WCypress Hills — 49.80°N, 109.20°WRenova — 45.20°N, 112.00°WRenova — 45.00°N, 112.80°WRenova — 46.00°N, 112.00°WRenova — 45.90°N, 112.25°WRenova — 46.40°N, 112.80°WRenova — 46.65°N, 113.05°WHadar — 11.13°N, 40.59°EOlcott — 42.40°N, 103.80°WOlcott — 42.19°N, 103.73°W

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Artiodactyla has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. The read hit its cap, so each count is a floor. 363 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 3,410 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Found in the same rock

1,259 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records at least 866 sites for Artiodactyla, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

at least 1,061 references

Each of the 12,000 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. That read hit its cap, so each count is a floor. 1,049 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content3

Picture of Artiodactyla

Credit
LittleJerry
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

Photogrammetry

Licence
In Copyright
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
Specimen
Artiodactyla indet. · msn_fir:mgp:IGF_105128

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC Attribution
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itArtiodactylamorpha through timeThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Owen 1848)