Anomodontia

Anomodontia is an extinct group of non-mammalian therapsids from the Permian and Triassic periods. By far the most speciose group are the dicynodonts, a clade of beaked, tusked herbivores. Anomodonts were very diverse during the Middle Permian, including primitive forms like Anomocephalus and Patranomodon and groups like Venyukovioidea and Dromasauria, with the tree-climbing (arboreal) Suminia being known from the Late Permian. Dicynodonts became the most successful and abundant of all herbivores in the Late Permian, filling ecological niches ranging from large browsers down to small burrowers. Few dicynodont families survived the Permian–Triassic extinction event, but one lineage (Kannemeyeriiformes) evolved into large, stocky forms that became dominant terrestrial herbivores right until the Late Triassic, when changing conditions caused them to decline, finally going extinct during the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event.

Anomodontia

Ghedoghedo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
TherapsidaPBDB
Diet
herbivorePBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Amniota

Time the record covers

At least 145 million years on record.

The record covers at least 266.9 Mya to 121.4 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 298.9 Mya to 72.2 Mya.

Carboniferous — about 0 of 1136 occurrencesPermian — about 783 of 1136 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 132 of 1136 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 155 of 1136 occurrencesLate Triassic — about 61 of 1136 occurrencesLate TriassicEarly Jurassic — about 2 of 1136 occurrencesEarly JurassicMiddle Jurassic — about 0 of 1136 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 0 of 1136 occurrencesEarly Cretaceous — about 2 of 1136 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 1 of 1136 occurrencesLate Cretaceous303–296 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences296–288 Mya — about 2 occurrences288–280 Mya — about 2 occurrences280–272 Mya — about 5 occurrences272–264 Mya — about 34 occurrences264–256 Mya — about 464 occurrences256–248 Mya — about 385 occurrences248–241 Mya — about 139 occurrences241–233 Mya — about 52 occurrences233–225 Mya — about 18 occurrences225–217 Mya — about 12 occurrences217–209 Mya — about 11 occurrences209–201 Mya — about 6 occurrences201–193 Mya — about 2 occurrences193–186 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences186–178 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences178–170 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences170–162 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences162–154 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences154–146 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences146–138 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences138–131 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences131–123 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences123–115 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences115–107 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences107–99 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences99–91 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences91–83 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences83–76 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences76–68 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences266.9 Mya121.4 Mya303 Mya68 Mya

1,136 occurrences of Anomodontia on record, most of them in the Permian. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

1,136 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

85 formations

Teekloof — 32.15°S, 22.01°ETeekloof — 31.92°S, 21.52°ETeekloof — 32.23°S, 21.61°ETeekloof — 32.26°S, 21.66°ETeekloof — 32.24°S, 21.66°ETeekloof — 31.62°S, 23.20°ETeekloof — 31.91°S, 23.89°ETeekloof — 32.08°S, 22.11°ETeekloof — 32.39°S, 22.55°ETeekloof — 32.15°S, 22.73°ETeekloof — 31.97°S, 21.69°EMadumabisa Mudstone — 16.52°S, 27.95°EMadumabisa Mudstone — 10.57°S, 32.97°EMadumabisa Mudstone — 10.77°S, 33.17°EMadumabisa Mudstone — 10.74°S, 33.20°EMadumabisa Mudstone — 10.58°S, 33.10°EMadumabisa Mudstone — 12.33°S, 32.00°EMadumabisa Mudstone — 12.18°S, 32.11°EMadumabisa Mudstone — 16.50°S, 28.08°EMadumabisa Mudstone — 16.55°S, 27.90°EBalfour — 31.72°S, 24.98°EBalfour — 32.13°S, 24.22°EBalfour — 32.10°S, 23.86°EBalfour — 32.15°S, 23.89°EBalfour — 31.42°S, 23.93°EBalfour — 31.96°S, 24.57°EBalfour — 31.91°S, 23.89°EBalfour — 31.87°S, 24.55°EBalfour — 32.04°S, 24.22°EBalfour — 32.16°S, 24.55°EBalfour — 32.05°S, 24.29°EBalfour — 30.51°S, 26.00°EBalfour — 31.95°S, 24.92°EBalfour — 31.76°S, 24.17°EBalfour — 31.95°S, 23.77°EBalfour — 33.00°S, 20.45°EBalfour — 32.09°S, 24.52°EBalfour — 30.42°S, 26.27°EBalfour — 31.71°S, 24.52°EBalfour — 32.34°S, 25.02°EAbrahamskraal — 32.42°S, 22.37°EAbrahamskraal — 33.08°S, 21.83°EAbrahamskraal — 33.17°S, 22.54°EAbrahamskraal — 33.11°S, 22.54°EAbrahamskraal — 33.03°S, 21.68°EAbrahamskraal — 33.06°S, 22.95°EAbrahamskraal — 31.40°S, 23.12°EAbrahamskraal — 31.34°S, 20.92°EAbrahamskraal — 33.07°S, 21.55°EAbrahamskraal — 32.37°S, 22.00°EAbrahamskraal — 32.49°S, 21.98°EAbrahamskraal — 32.49°S, 22.17°EAbrahamskraal — 32.44°S, 22.19°EAbrahamskraal — 32.11°S, 21.23°EAbrahamskraal — 32.97°S, 22.02°EAbrahamskraal — 32.35°S, 22.58°EAbrahamskraal — 32.91°S, 22.03°EAbrahamskraal — 31.32°S, 23.33°EAbrahamskraal — 32.89°S, 21.87°EAbrahamskraal — 31.90°S, 21.48°EAbrahamskraal — 33.09°S, 21.23°EAbrahamskraal — 32.40°S, 20.35°EAbrahamskraal — 31.67°S, 20.85°EAbrahamskraal — 31.20°S, 22.25°EAbrahamskraal — 31.03°S, 23.50°ESanta Maria — 29.80°S, 52.78°WSanta Maria — 29.67°S, 54.37°WSanta Maria — 29.57°S, 53.51°WSanta Maria — 29.75°S, 53.00°WSanta Maria — 29.72°S, 53.23°WSanta Maria — 29.88°S, 53.00°WSanta Maria — 29.73°S, 52.05°WSanta Maria — 30.01°S, 52.92°WSanta Maria — 29.62°S, 53.38°WKatberg — 30.50°S, 25.97°EKatberg — 30.47°S, 26.06°EKatberg — 31.18°S, 24.95°EKatberg — 32.00°S, 26.26°EKatberg — 31.73°S, 25.30°EKatberg — 31.87°S, 24.55°EKatberg — 32.12°S, 25.70°EKatberg — 31.84°S, 24.86°EKatberg — 32.18°S, 25.61°EKatberg — 32.29°S, 27.10°EUsili — 10.18°S, 35.15°EUsili — 10.25°S, 35.15°EUsili — 10.23°S, 35.05°EUsili — 10.38°S, 35.08°EUsili — 10.55°S, 34.95°EUsili — 10.30°S, 35.07°EUsili — 10.20°S, 35.38°EUsili — 10.27°S, 34.92°EErmaying — 36.92°N, 112.90°EErmaying — 36.98°N, 112.88°EErmaying — 36.97°N, 112.85°EErmaying — 37.08°N, 113.00°EErmaying — 39.00°N, 112.30°EErmaying — 39.68°N, 110.97°EErmaying — 39.43°N, 110.85°EErmaying — 38.48°N, 110.75°EErmaying — 37.50°N, 111.15°EErmaying — 38.47°N, 111.13°EErmaying — 37.29°N, 110.70°EBurgersdorp — 30.88°S, 26.22°EBurgersdorp — 31.70°S, 27.23°EBurgersdorp — 30.91°S, 26.11°EBurgersdorp — 31.73°S, 27.90°EBurgersdorp — 30.99°S, 26.32°EBurgersdorp — 31.61°S, 26.39°EBurgersdorp — 31.53°S, 26.40°EBurgersdorp — 30.61°S, 26.62°EBurgersdorp — 31.65°S, 24.98°EBurgersdorp — 30.66°S, 26.49°EBurgersdorp — 31.55°S, 26.50°EPanchet — 23.63°N, 86.97°EPanchet — 23.65°N, 86.88°EPanchet — 23.67°N, 86.98°EPanchet — 23.62°N, 87.13°ENormandien — 28.27°S, 29.13°ENormandien — 28.55°S, 29.08°ENormandien — 29.03°S, 26.40°EDonguz — 51.36°N, 55.31°EDonguz — 51.42°N, 55.43°EDonguz — 51.36°N, 55.49°EDonguz — 52.41°N, 55.65°EDonguz — 52.53°N, 53.50°EChinle — 34.44°N, 109.46°WChinle — 34.53°N, 109.32°WChinle — 38.65°N, 108.91°WChinle — 34.95°N, 109.76°WChinle — 35.38°N, 109.37°WChinle — 35.03°N, 109.85°WChinle — 35.87°N, 111.31°WChinle — 35.90°N, 111.38°WMiddleton/Balfour — 32.25°S, 24.53°EFremouw — 85.13°S, 174.83°WFremouw — 85.05°S, 172.50°EFremouw — 84.35°S, 164.05°EFremouw — 85.22°S, 175.50°WFremouw — 84.28°S, 164.35°EManda Beds — 10.52°S, 34.57°EManda Beds — 10.32°S, 35.22°EManda Beds — 10.36°S, 35.24°EManda Beds — 10.33°S, 35.25°EManda Beds — 10.35°S, 34.84°EGuodikeng — 44.00°N, 88.83°EGuodikeng — 42.92°N, 89.17°EGuodikeng — 43.32°N, 88.88°EGuodikeng — 44.08°N, 88.88°EGuodikeng — 43.83°N, 87.84°ESalarevo — 61.19°N, 46.63°EChañares — 29.85°S, 67.78°WChañares — 29.78°S, 67.73°WChañares — 29.83°S, 67.82°WChañares — 29.89°S, 67.85°WKundaram — 19.25°N, 79.25°ECutties Hillock Sandstone — 57.66°N, 3.37°WOmingonde — 21.10°S, 16.45°EOmingonde — 21.06°S, 16.39°EMoenkopi — 35.20°N, 105.14°WMoenkopi — 35.02°N, 110.70°WMoenkopi — 34.90°N, 110.15°WJiucaiyuan — 43.98°N, 89.70°EJiucaiyuan — 44.00°N, 88.83°EJiucaiyuan — 43.20°N, 89.22°E

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Anomodontia has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 61 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 429 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Anomodontia and its relatives

Permian

Where Anomodontia and its relatives were recorded in the Permian.

Found in the same rock

640 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 370 sites for Anomodontia, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

287 references

Each of the 1,136 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 275 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Anomodontia

Credit
Ghedoghedo
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Anomodontia was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itTherapsida through timeFormations of the PermianThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Owen 1859)