Perissodactyla

Perissodactyla, or odd-toed ungulates, is an order of ungulates. The order includes about 17 living species divided into three families: Equidae, Rhinocerotidae (rhinoceroses), and Tapiridae (tapirs). They typically have reduced the weight-bearing toes to three or one of the five original toes, though tapirs retain four toes on their front feet. The nonweight-bearing toes are either present, absent, vestigial, or positioned posteriorly. By contrast, artiodactyls bear most of their weight equally on four or two of the five toes: their third and fourth toes. Another difference between the two is that perissodactyls digest plant cellulose in their intestines, rather than in one or more stomach chambers as artiodactyls, with the exception of Suina, do.

Perissodactyla

LittleJerry · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
odd-toed ungulatePBDB
Sits inside
PerissodactylamorphaPBDB
Diet
browser, grazerPBDB
Life habit
ground dwellingPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Eutheria

Time the record covers

At least 55 million years on record.

The record covers at least 56 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 59.24 Mya to 0 Mya.

Paleocene — about 19 of 12000 occurrencesEocene — about 3674 of 12000 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 576 of 12000 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 4378 of 12000 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 918 of 12000 occurrencesPleistocene — about 2370 of 12000 occurrences60–58 Mya — about 5 occurrences58–56 Mya — about 12 occurrences56–54 Mya — about 468 occurrences54–52 Mya — about 580 occurrences52–50 Mya — about 442 occurrences50–48 Mya — about 206 occurrences48–46 Mya — about 259 occurrences46–44 Mya — about 231 occurrences44–42 Mya — about 221 occurrences42–40 Mya — about 250 occurrences40–38 Mya — about 293 occurrences38–36 Mya — about 301 occurrences36–34 Mya — about 363 occurrences34–32 Mya — about 198 occurrences32–30 Mya — about 107 occurrences30–28 Mya — about 75 occurrences28–26 Mya — about 87 occurrences26–24 Mya — about 106 occurrences24–22 Mya — about 146 occurrences22–20 Mya — about 174 occurrences20–18 Mya — about 256 occurrences18–16 Mya — about 467 occurrences16–14 Mya — about 694 occurrences14–12 Mya — about 680 occurrences12–10 Mya — about 742 occurrences10–8.1 Mya — about 617 occurrences8.1–6.0 Mya — about 497 occurrences6.0–4.0 Mya — about 540 occurrences4.0–2.0 Mya — about 1035 occurrences2.0–0 Mya — about 1948 occurrences56 Mya11.7 ka60 Mya0 Mya

12,000+ occurrences of Perissodactyla on record. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

12,000 occurrences read

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. The read hit its cap, so every figure above is a floor and the shares are of the occurrences read. More on what this infers.

Found in

at least 763 formations

Willwood — 44.00°N, 108.00°WWillwood — 44.50°N, 108.00°WWillwood — 44.64°N, 108.43°WWillwood — 44.65°N, 109.93°WWillwood — 44.44°N, 108.63°WWillwood — 44.65°N, 108.76°WWillwood — 44.30°N, 109.00°WWillwood — 44.80°N, 109.10°WWillwood — 44.62°N, 108.50°WWillwood — 43.95°N, 107.57°WWillwood — 44.59°N, 108.86°WWillwood — 44.42°N, 108.69°WWillwood — 44.50°N, 108.67°WWillwood — 44.56°N, 108.70°WWillwood — 44.59°N, 108.62°WWillwood — 44.49°N, 108.54°WWillwood — 44.53°N, 108.43°WWillwood — 44.53°N, 108.79°WWillwood — 44.60°N, 108.32°WWillwood — 44.53°N, 108.32°WWillwood — 44.66°N, 108.53°WWillwood — 44.65°N, 108.72°WWillwood — 44.52°N, 108.57°WWillwood — 44.65°N, 108.90°WWillwood — 44.64°N, 108.76°WWillwood — 44.41°N, 108.79°WWillwood — 44.33°N, 108.77°WWillwood — 44.35°N, 108.75°WWillwood — 44.16°N, 107.87°WWillwood — 44.15°N, 107.87°WAsh Hollow — 42.80°N, 100.80°WAsh Hollow — 41.20°N, 101.80°WAsh Hollow — 42.39°N, 98.10°WAsh Hollow — 40.50°N, 100.50°WAsh Hollow — 42.60°N, 98.00°WAsh Hollow — 42.70°N, 100.00°WAsh Hollow — 41.70°N, 103.10°WAsh Hollow — 41.30°N, 105.10°WAsh Hollow — 43.20°N, 100.70°WAsh Hollow — 41.30°N, 101.89°WAsh Hollow — 43.40°N, 100.60°WAsh Hollow — 41.40°N, 102.40°WAsh Hollow — 42.30°N, 98.00°WAsh Hollow — 43.30°N, 102.50°WAsh Hollow — 41.10°N, 103.00°WAsh Hollow — 42.63°N, 100.05°WAsh Hollow — 42.80°N, 99.70°WAsh Hollow — 42.70°N, 102.50°WAsh Hollow — 41.20°N, 98.80°WValentine — 42.70°N, 100.00°WValentine — 42.49°N, 98.11°WValentine — 42.80°N, 100.80°WValentine — 42.80°N, 99.70°WValentine — 42.81°N, 100.05°WValentine — 40.02°N, 98.53°WValentine — 42.78°N, 100.03°WValentine — 40.10°N, 98.50°WValentine — 42.90°N, 98.80°WValentine — 43.20°N, 99.80°WValentine — 42.60°N, 98.00°WValentine — 42.70°N, 102.50°WShungura — 5.04°N, 36.00°EShungura — 5.08°N, 36.03°EShungura — 5.15°N, 36.04°EShungura — 5.09°N, 36.06°EBridger — 41.70°N, 109.00°WBridger — 41.20°N, 110.50°WBridger — 41.22°N, 109.72°WBridger — 42.70°N, 110.10°WBridger — 42.42°N, 109.35°WBridger — 41.80°N, 110.70°WBridger — 41.77°N, 110.33°WBridger — 41.13°N, 110.13°WBridger — 42.37°N, 108.91°WBridger — 41.37°N, 109.82°WWasatch — 40.60°N, 108.10°WWasatch — 41.70°N, 109.00°WWasatch — 42.70°N, 110.10°WWasatch — 41.80°N, 110.70°WWasatch — 41.80°N, 107.00°WWasatch — 41.20°N, 110.50°WWasatch — 43.20°N, 108.20°WWasatch — 40.00°N, 107.90°WWasatch — 42.07°N, 109.10°WWasatch — 41.75°N, 108.00°WWasatch — 42.37°N, 108.91°WWasatch — 42.98°N, 110.12°WWasatch — 41.86°N, 110.78°WWasatch — 41.83°N, 110.75°WWasatch — 41.85°N, 110.75°WKoobi Fora — 3.90°N, 36.24°EKoobi Fora — 3.98°N, 36.32°EKoobi Fora — 4.07°N, 36.37°EKoobi Fora — 3.87°N, 36.37°EKoobi Fora — 4.31°N, 36.28°EKoobi Fora — 4.22°N, 36.43°EKoobi Fora — 4.28°N, 36.24°EKoobi Fora — 3.94°N, 36.25°EKoobi Fora — 4.24°N, 36.28°EKoobi Fora — 3.78°N, 36.39°EKoobi Fora — 3.59°N, 36.24°EKoobi Fora — 3.75°N, 36.34°EKoobi Fora — 3.70°N, 36.32°EKoobi Fora — 4.28°N, 36.38°EKoobi Fora — 4.06°N, 36.33°EDeBeque — 40.00°N, 107.90°WDeBeque — 39.20°N, 108.20°WDeBeque — 39.70°N, 107.60°WWind River — 44.00°N, 106.60°WWind River — 43.20°N, 108.20°WWind River — 43.20°N, 107.10°WWind River — 41.60°N, 105.80°WWind River — 43.20°N, 107.33°WBrule — 42.90°N, 105.20°WBrule — 42.80°N, 103.10°WBrule — 40.80°N, 103.10°WBrule — 43.90°N, 102.40°WBrule — 43.30°N, 102.50°WBrule — 46.90°N, 102.80°WBrule — 43.20°N, 103.20°WBrule — 42.00°N, 104.20°WBrule — 43.85°N, 102.50°WBrule — 42.40°N, 103.80°WBrule — 43.60°N, 102.45°WBrule — 46.40°N, 103.30°WBrule — 43.50°N, 101.90°WBrule — 41.80°N, 103.80°WBrule — 41.70°N, 103.10°WBrule — 43.62°N, 102.67°WBrule — 43.75°N, 101.47°WBrule — 40.74°N, 103.19°WChadron — 43.60°N, 102.45°WChadron — 43.30°N, 102.50°WChadron — 43.92°N, 102.58°WChadron — 45.50°N, 102.50°WChadron — 42.40°N, 103.80°WChadron — 42.80°N, 103.10°WChadron — 42.80°N, 103.40°WChadron — 42.90°N, 105.20°WChadron — 42.00°N, 104.20°WChadron — 45.47°N, 112.62°WChadron — 46.10°N, 103.30°WChadron — 45.50°N, 103.10°WChadron — 40.82°N, 103.73°WChadron — 43.75°N, 103.20°WVogel River Series — 3.22°S, 35.22°EVogel River Series — 3.23°S, 36.19°EVogel River Series — 3.01°S, 35.20°EVogel River Series — 3.25°S, 35.20°EVogel River Series — 3.13°S, 35.13°EFleming — 30.60°N, 95.20°WFleming — 30.72°N, 95.28°WFleming — 29.70°N, 96.70°WFleming — 31.00°N, 93.67°WFleming — 30.61°N, 95.13°WFleming — 31.10°N, 93.10°WFleming — 30.59°N, 94.91°WFleming — 30.70°N, 94.70°WFleming — 30.50°N, 95.00°WFleming — 29.80°N, 96.90°WFleming — 30.30°N, 95.70°WFleming — 31.00°N, 93.40°WFleming — 30.80°N, 94.30°WFleming — 30.10°N, 96.10°WPeace River — 27.90°N, 81.80°WPeace River — 27.00°N, 82.20°WPeace River — 27.50°N, 82.50°WPeace River — 27.68°N, 81.95°WPeace River — 27.81°N, 81.91°WPalm Spring — 32.90°N, 117.10°WOlcott — 42.40°N, 103.80°WOlcott — 42.19°N, 103.73°WOgallala — 36.80°N, 100.50°WOgallala — 39.80°N, 99.40°WOgallala — 36.70°N, 101.40°WOgallala — 35.70°N, 102.30°WOgallala — 38.90°N, 101.70°WOgallala — 37.20°N, 99.90°WOgallala — 39.08°N, 99.77°WOgallala — 43.20°N, 107.10°WOgallala — 35.68°N, 99.60°WOgallala — 39.02°N, 99.52°WOgallala — 35.40°N, 101.40°WOgallala — 39.95°N, 99.53°WOgallala — 35.83°N, 99.98°WOgallala — 35.88°N, 99.85°WOgallala — 35.77°N, 99.84°WOgallala — 35.79°N, 99.65°WOgallala — 35.80°N, 99.63°WOgallala — 35.62°N, 99.84°WOgallala — 35.51°N, 99.74°WOgallala — 36.78°N, 100.37°WNachukui — 4.25°N, 35.79°ENachukui — 4.15°N, 35.74°ENachukui — 4.67°N, 35.75°ENachukui — 4.19°N, 35.77°ENachukui — 4.00°N, 35.73°ENachukui — 4.10°N, 35.77°ENachukui — 2.90°N, 36.05°ENachukui — 3.08°N, 35.83°ENachukui — 3.87°N, 35.72°ENachukui — 3.93°N, 35.76°ENachukui — 4.53°N, 35.75°ENachukui — 4.11°N, 35.73°ENachukui — 4.43°N, 35.83°ENachukui — 4.53°N, 35.92°ENachukui — 3.68°N, 35.75°EWhite River — 43.20°N, 107.10°WWhite River — 43.20°N, 108.20°WWhite River — 40.80°N, 103.10°WWhite River — 41.80°N, 107.00°WWhite River — 40.97°N, 106.22°WBarstow — 34.80°N, 117.00°WBarstow — 35.07°N, 117.08°WBarstow — 35.05°N, 117.07°W"unnamed sandstone" — 33.90°N, 117.00°WPondaung — 21.75°N, 94.70°EPondaung — 21.70°N, 94.76°EPondaung — 21.62°N, 94.85°EPondaung — 21.72°N, 94.68°EPondaung — 21.77°N, 94.60°EPondaung — 21.88°N, 94.57°EPondaung — 21.95°N, 94.57°EPondaung — 21.95°N, 94.50°EPondaung — 21.92°N, 94.53°EPondaung — 21.50°N, 94.50°EPondaung — 21.84°N, 94.54°EWood Mountain — 49.20°N, 106.20°WWood Mountain — 49.17°N, 105.99°WUinta — 40.20°N, 109.90°WUinta — 40.07°N, 109.28°WUinta — 40.10°N, 110.20°WUinta — 40.15°N, 109.62°WUinta — 40.07°N, 109.70°W

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Perissodactyla has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. The read hit its cap, so each count is a floor. 739 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 4,065 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Found in the same rock

731 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records at least 1,052 sites for Perissodactyla, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

at least 2,104 references

Each of the 12,000 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. That read hit its cap, so each count is a floor. 2,092 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Perissodactyla

Credit
LittleJerry
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC Attribution-NonCommercial
Commercial use
the licence does not allow it

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itPerissodactylamorpha through timeThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Owen 1848)