Palaeospinacidae

Synechodontiformes is an extinct order of prehistoric shark-like cartilaginous fish, known from the Permian to the Paleogene. They are considered to be members of Neoselachii, the group that contains modern sharks and rays.

Palaeospinacidae

Uncredited · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
SynechodontiformesPBDB
Diet
carnivorePBDB, for Synechodontiformes
Life habit
nektonicPBDB, for Synechodontiformes
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Synechodontiformes

Time the record covers

At least 242 million years on record.

The record covers at least 290.1 Mya to 48.07 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 293.52 Mya to 33.9 Mya.

Permian — about 3 of 556 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 24 of 556 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 32 of 556 occurrencesLate Triassic — about 118 of 556 occurrencesLate TriassicEarly Jurassic — about 59 of 556 occurrencesEarly JurassicMiddle Jurassic — about 14 of 556 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 24 of 556 occurrencesEarly Cretaceous — about 110 of 556 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 138 of 556 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 26 of 556 occurrencesEocene — about 8 of 556 occurrencesOligocene — about 0 of 556 occurrences299–290 Mya — about 1 occurrence290–281 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences272–263 Mya — about 1 occurrence254–245 Mya — about 31 occurrences245–236 Mya — about 27 occurrences236–227 Mya — about 18 occurrences227–218 Mya — about 7 occurrences218–209 Mya — about 8 occurrences209–200 Mya — about 89 occurrences200–191 Mya — about 14 occurrences191–182 Mya — about 23 occurrences182–173 Mya — about 17 occurrences173–164 Mya — about 11 occurrences164–155 Mya — about 9 occurrences155–146 Mya — about 17 occurrences146–137 Mya — about 3 occurrences137–128 Mya — about 12 occurrences128–119 Mya — about 13 occurrences119–110 Mya — about 16 occurrences110–101 Mya — about 65 occurrences101–92 Mya — about 28 occurrences92–83 Mya — about 16 occurrences83–74 Mya — about 51 occurrences74–65 Mya — about 47 occurrences65–56 Mya — about 25 occurrences56–47 Mya — about 6 occurrences47–38 Mya — about 1 occurrence38–29 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences290.1 Mya48.07 Mya299 Mya29 Mya

556 occurrences of Palaeospinacidae on record, most of them in the Late Cretaceous. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

556 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

103 formations

Hunstanton — 54.15°N, 0.17°WHunstanton — 53.68°N, 0.50°WWestbury — 53.03°N, 0.81°WWestbury — 51.60°N, 2.63°WWestbury — 51.24°N, 2.34°WWestbury — 51.82°N, 2.41°WWestbury — 51.93°N, 2.17°WWestbury — 50.72°N, 3.05°WWestbury — 50.78°N, 2.99°WWestbury — 51.18°N, 3.38°WTaho Limestone — 33.37°N, 132.67°ESpeeton Clay — 54.16°N, 0.24°WSpeeton Clay — 54.16°N, 0.26°WLaird — 56.16°N, 122.55°WLaird — 56.10°N, 122.87°WLaird — 56.07°N, 123.16°WBurim — 49.71°N, 31.54°EMesaverde — 44.08°N, 107.74°WMesaverde — 44.10°N, 107.75°WMesaverde — 44.17°N, 107.81°WBaldonnel — 56.08°N, 123.04°WBaldonnel — 56.10°N, 122.87°WPardonet — 56.13°N, 123.08°WPardonet — 56.10°N, 122.87°WPardonet — 56.48°N, 122.89°WPardonet — 56.10°N, 122.72°WPardonet — 56.02°N, 123.08°WExter — 48.55°N, 9.07°EExter — 51.57°N, 9.05°EExter — 52.56°N, 9.04°EHythe — 51.19°N, 0.73°EHythe — 51.24°N, 0.05°WHythe — 51.24°N, 0.10°WTransitional Beds — 56.13°N, 123.08°WLower Kimmeridge marls — 51.90°N, 10.51°ESot de Chera — 41.12°N, 0.83°WJudith River — 48.03°N, 109.01°WJudith River — 47.79°N, 108.94°WJudith River — 48.01°N, 108.91°WGrès de Mortinsart — 49.70°N, 5.66°EGrès de Mortinsart — 49.75°N, 5.79°ETienen — 50.78°N, 4.90°ETienen — 50.81°N, 5.09°ETienen — 50.30°N, 4.12°ETienen — 50.33°N, 4.28°ELudington — 56.13°N, 123.08°WLudington — 56.67°N, 123.27°WLudington — 56.80°N, 123.45°WWaipara Greensand — 43.05°S, 172.62°EWaipara Greensand — 43.12°S, 172.48°ERya — 55.98°N, 12.79°EMiddle Kimmeridge marls — 51.90°N, 10.51°ETuffeau de St-Omer — 50.53°N, 3.15°ETuffeau de St-Omer — 50.44°N, 3.07°EJasna Gora — 50.46°N, 19.51°EFox Hills — 46.47°N, 99.58°WFox Hills — 46.26°N, 100.51°W

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The named rock units Palaeospinacidae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 79 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 198 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Palaeospinacidae and its relatives

Late Cretaceous

Where Palaeospinacidae and its relatives were recorded in the Late Cretaceous.

Found in the same rock

1,104 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 412 sites for Palaeospinacidae, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

156 references

Each of the 556 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 144 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Palaeospinacidae

Credit
nobody named on the record
Licence
not stated by the source
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

No 3D scan of Palaeospinacidae was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itSynechodontiformes through timeFormations of the Late CretaceousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Regan 1906