Lithocarpus

Lithocarpus is a genus in the beech family, Fagaceae. Trees in this genus are commonly known as the stone oaks and differ from Quercus primarily because they produce insect-pollinated flowers on erect spikes and the female flowers have short styles with punctate stigmas. At current, around 340 species have been described, mostly restricted to Southeast Asia. Fossils show that Lithocarpus formerly had a wider distribution, being found in North America and Europe during the Eocene to Miocene epochs. The species extend from the foothills of the Hengduan Mountains, where they form dominant stands of trees, through Indochina and the Malayan Archipelago, crossing Wallace's Line and reaching Papua. In general, these trees are most dominant in the uplands and have many ecological similarities to the Dipterocarpaceae, the dominant lowland tree group. These trees are intolerant of seasonal droughts, not being found on the Lesser Sunda Islands, despite their ability to cross numerous water barriers to reach Papua.

Lithocarpus

No machine-readable author provided. Koba-chan assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY 2.5 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
FagaceaePBDB
Diet
"photoautotroph"PBDB, for Angiospermae

Time the record covers

At least 31 million years on record.

The record covers at least 33.9 Mya to 2.58 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 48.07 Mya to 774 ka.

Eocene — about 1 of 26 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 5 of 26 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 17 of 26 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 2 of 26 occurrencesPleistocene — about 1 of 26 occurrences49–47 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences47–46 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences46–44 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences44–42 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences42–41 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences41–39 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences39–38 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences38–36 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences36–34 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences34–33 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences33–31 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences31–29 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences29–28 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences28–26 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences26–25 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences25–23 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences23–21 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences21–20 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences20–18 Mya — about 1 occurrence18–16 Mya — about 1 occurrence16–15 Mya — about 2 occurrences15–13 Mya — about 3 occurrences13–11 Mya — about 3 occurrences11–9.8 Mya — about 2 occurrences9.8–8.2 Mya — about 2 occurrences8.2–6.5 Mya — about 2 occurrences6.5–4.9 Mya — about 1 occurrence4.9–3.3 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences3.3–1.6 Mya — about 1 occurrence1.6–0 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences33.9 Mya2.58 Mya49 Mya0 Mya

26 occurrences of Lithocarpus on record, most of them in the Miocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group, and the chart stops with its fossils rather than at the present. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

26 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

14 formations

Chloropagus — 39.58°N, 119.35°WChloropagus — 39.58°N, 119.42°WXiaolongtan — 23.81°N, 103.20°EXiaolongtan — 25.42°N, 102.85°EMiddlegate — 39.25°N, 117.88°WBangmai — 23.90°N, 100.02°ENanlin — 25.12°N, 98.83°EPyramid — 39.90°N, 119.55°WDisaster Peak — 38.50°N, 120.00°WSan Joaquin — 36.00°N, 120.06°WTemblor — 36.14°N, 120.36°WSalmon City — 45.18°N, 113.88°WLiuqu — 29.17°N, 87.75°ESanying — 26.42°N, 99.40°EShihti — 25.16°N, 121.59°EChangsheling — 23.75°N, 106.92°E

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The named rock units Lithocarpus has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 4 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Lithocarpus and its relatives

Miocene

Where Lithocarpus and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

209 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 9 sites for Lithocarpus, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

12 references

Each of the 26 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Lithocarpus

Credit
No machine-readable author provided. Koba-chan assumed (based on copyright claims).
Licence
CC BY 2.5
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Lithocarpus was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itFagaceae through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Blume 1826