Gymnospermae

The gymnosperms are a group of woody, perennial seed-producing plants, typically lacking the protective outer covering which surrounds the seeds in flowering plants, that include conifers, cycads, ginkgos, and gnetophytes, forming the clade Gymnospermae. The name is based on the unenclosed condition of their seeds. The non-encased condition of their seeds contrasts with the seeds and ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are enclosed within an ovary. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scales or leaves, which are often modified to form cones, or on their own as in yew, Torreya, and Ginkgo.

Gymnospermae

Unknown Unknown , Leipzig ; Berlin ; Wien : F.A. Brockhaus · Public Domain · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
SpermatophytataPBDB
Diet
"photoautotroph"PBDB, for Streptophyta

Time the record covers

At least 383 million years on record.

The record covers at least 383.4 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 387.95 Mya to 0 Mya.

Devonian — about 38 of 12000 occurrencesDevonianCarboniferous — about 440 of 12000 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 1587 of 12000 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 134 of 12000 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 277 of 12000 occurrencesLate Triassic — about 1368 of 12000 occurrencesLate TriassicEarly Jurassic — about 1016 of 12000 occurrencesMiddle Jurassic — about 1473 of 12000 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 953 of 12000 occurrencesEarly Cretaceous — about 1210 of 12000 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 839 of 12000 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 612 of 12000 occurrencesEocene — about 714 of 12000 occurrencesOligocene — about 321 of 12000 occurrencesMiocene — about 680 of 12000 occurrencesPliocene — about 52 of 12000 occurrencesPleistocene — about 283 of 12000 occurrences396–383 Mya — about 2 occurrences383–369 Mya — about 7 occurrences369–356 Mya — about 44 occurrences356–343 Mya — about 71 occurrences343–330 Mya — about 75 occurrences330–317 Mya — about 116 occurrences317–303 Mya — about 117 occurrences303–290 Mya — about 269 occurrences290–277 Mya — about 341 occurrences277–264 Mya — about 436 occurrences264–251 Mya — about 655 occurrences251–237 Mya — about 331 occurrences237–224 Mya — about 636 occurrences224–211 Mya — about 363 occurrences211–198 Mya — about 561 occurrences198–185 Mya — about 471 occurrences185–171 Mya — about 692 occurrences171–158 Mya — about 1276 occurrences158–145 Mya — about 718 occurrences145–132 Mya — about 241 occurrences132–119 Mya — about 251 occurrences119–106 Mya — about 640 occurrences106–92 Mya — about 472 occurrences92–79 Mya — about 202 occurrences79–66 Mya — about 349 occurrences66–53 Mya — about 779 occurrences53–40 Mya — about 385 occurrences40–26 Mya — about 341 occurrences26–13 Mya — about 499 occurrences13–0 Mya — about 659 occurrences383.4 Mya11.7 ka396 Mya0 Mya

12,000+ occurrences of Gymnospermae on record. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

12,000 occurrences read

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. The read hit its cap, so every figure above is a floor and the shares are of the occurrences read. More on what this infers.

Found in

at least 1255 formations

Santa Clara — 28.60°N, 109.70°WSanta Clara — 28.57°N, 110.21°WSanta Clara — 28.51°N, 110.19°WSanta Clara — 28.56°N, 109.34°WSanta Clara — 28.55°N, 109.35°WSanta Clara — 28.50°N, 109.50°WSanta Clara — 28.57°N, 109.21°WSanta Clara — 28.56°N, 110.13°WSanta Clara — 28.58°N, 109.63°WSanta Clara — 28.50°N, 110.30°WFort Union — 45.00°N, 109.00°WFort Union — 44.36°N, 108.06°WFort Union — 44.30°N, 108.05°WFort Union — 44.91°N, 109.03°WFort Union — 44.00°N, 109.00°WFort Union — 44.00°N, 108.00°WFort Union — 44.21°N, 107.90°WFort Union — 44.16°N, 107.85°WFort Union — 44.27°N, 107.97°WFort Union — 46.52°N, 103.86°WFort Union — 46.02°N, 103.76°WFort Union — 46.35°N, 103.87°WFort Union — 46.28°N, 103.81°WFort Union — 46.46°N, 103.97°WFort Union — 42.00°N, 108.00°WFort Union — 42.28°N, 108.11°WFort Union — 41.56°N, 108.58°WFort Union — 41.33°N, 109.24°WFort Union — 41.16°N, 108.92°WFort Union — 41.14°N, 109.06°WFort Union — 41.55°N, 109.26°WFort Union — 41.52°N, 108.62°WFort Union — 41.46°N, 108.70°WFort Union — 46.44°N, 104.00°WFort Union — 47.10°N, 104.72°WFort Union — 47.32°N, 106.92°WFort Union — 46.92°N, 103.52°WFort Union — 41.78°N, 107.23°WFort Union — 46.22°N, 108.40°WFort Union — 46.22°N, 108.32°WFort Union — 46.42°N, 105.83°WFort Union — 43.88°N, 108.52°WFort Union — 44.15°N, 108.87°WFort Union — 41.23°N, 108.85°WFort Union — 43.90°N, 107.52°WFort Union — 43.47°N, 108.68°WFort Union — 48.40°N, 109.27°WFort Union — 46.00°N, 103.00°WFort Union — 40.59°N, 107.69°WFort Union — 46.00°N, 110.67°WFort Union — 47.42°N, 105.58°WFort Union — 45.93°N, 105.87°WFort Union — 47.72°N, 104.15°WFort Union — 47.22°N, 104.67°WFort Union — 45.88°N, 104.55°WFort Union — 45.91°N, 106.22°WFort Union — 46.52°N, 108.08°WFort Union — 46.28°N, 106.20°WFort Union — 46.58°N, 105.88°WFort Union — 46.88°N, 104.93°WFort Union — 46.87°N, 105.44°WFort Union — 48.18°N, 110.12°WFort Union — 48.99°N, 105.27°WFort Union — 45.99°N, 109.72°WFort Union — 43.70°N, 104.70°WFort Union — 43.93°N, 108.65°WFort Union — 45.47°N, 103.21°WFort Union — 47.97°N, 102.55°WFort Union — 47.90°N, 102.82°WFort Union — 46.58°N, 112.51°WRiachuelo — 10.65°S, 37.04°WSaltwick — 54.40°N, 1.00°WSaltwick — 54.50°N, 0.75°WSaltwick — 54.30°N, 0.40°WSaltwick — 54.50°N, 1.00°WSaltwick — 54.45°N, 0.57°WSaltwick — 54.37°N, 1.25°WSaltwick — 54.33°N, 0.50°WSaltwick — 54.49°N, 1.11°WPottsville — 33.82°N, 87.42°WPottsville — 33.00°N, 87.00°WPottsville — 33.81°N, 87.17°WPautut — 70.25°N, 54.50°WLefipán — 42.67°S, 69.83°WLefipán — 42.58°S, 69.98°WSaharonim — 31.67°N, 34.83°ESaharonim — 31.60°N, 34.70°ESaharonim — 31.67°N, 34.58°ECape Stewart — 70.50°N, 22.60°WHell Creek — 46.21°N, 103.80°WHell Creek — 46.30°N, 103.86°WHell Creek — 45.59°N, 103.75°WHell Creek — 45.53°N, 101.63°WHell Creek — 46.15°N, 103.82°WHell Creek — 46.32°N, 104.96°WHell Creek — 45.39°N, 103.94°WHell Creek — 46.38°N, 103.95°WHell Creek — 46.46°N, 104.01°WHell Creek — 45.65°N, 103.62°WHell Creek — 45.87°N, 103.79°WWillwood — 44.29°N, 108.05°WWillwood — 44.17°N, 108.56°WWillwood — 44.00°N, 108.00°WWillwood — 44.51°N, 108.25°WWillwood — 44.00°N, 107.00°WWillwood — 44.00°N, 109.00°WWillwood — 44.42°N, 108.18°WWillwood — 44.44°N, 108.14°WWillwood — 44.28°N, 108.05°WWillwood — 44.50°N, 108.09°WWillwood — 44.40°N, 108.84°WHuitrera — 41.04°S, 71.20°WHuitrera — 40.63°S, 70.98°WHuitrera — 42.50°S, 70.00°WHuitrera — 40.67°S, 71.08°WGevanim — 31.67°N, 34.83°EGevanim — 31.60°N, 34.70°EGevanim — 31.67°N, 34.58°ENovorayskaya Suite — 48.80°N, 37.60°ENovorayskaya Suite — 48.60°N, 37.50°ENovorayskaya Suite — 48.60°N, 37.40°ECloughton — 54.30°N, 0.40°WCloughton — 54.17°N, 0.25°WTaratu — 45.37°S, 170.45°ETaratu — 43.18°S, 171.78°EBathurst Island — 11.79°S, 130.23°EBathurst Island — 11.78°S, 130.35°ESteierdorf — 45.08°N, 21.85°EChenque — 45.86°S, 67.57°WChenque — 45.30°S, 69.03°WCretaceous — 44.65°N, 104.22°WCretaceous — 43.43°N, 103.67°WCretaceous — 44.43°N, 103.67°WCretaceous — 43.43°N, 103.47°WCretaceous — 44.15°N, 103.31°WCretaceous — 44.41°N, 103.51°WCretaceous — 43.21°N, 104.63°WCretaceous — 43.09°N, 104.53°WTambo — 27.34°S, 135.72°ETambo — 29.13°S, 140.88°EKachaike — 49.06°S, 72.14°WKachaike — 48.82°S, 72.12°WKachaike — 49.00°S, 72.00°WKachaike — 48.85°S, 72.15°WKachaike — 48.85°S, 72.15°WMolteno — 29.50°S, 29.50°EMolteno — 28.57°S, 29.05°EMolteno — 31.10°S, 26.50°EMolteno — 31.50°S, 28.00°EMolteno — 30.53°S, 26.90°EMolteno — 31.48°S, 26.47°EMolteno — 30.90°S, 26.72°EMolteno — 31.50°S, 27.92°EMolteno — 30.83°S, 26.97°EMolteno — 31.47°S, 26.83°EMolteno — 31.57°S, 26.22°EMolteno — 31.48°S, 26.90°EMolteno — 31.17°S, 28.43°EMolteno — 31.40°S, 26.38°EMolteno — 30.68°S, 28.52°EMolteno — 31.53°S, 26.23°EMolteno — 30.68°S, 26.95°EMolteno — 31.50°S, 27.00°ESalamanca — 45.07°S, 66.98°WSalamanca — 45.82°S, 69.03°WSalamanca — 45.29°S, 67.04°WSalamanca — 45.40°S, 67.12°WSalamanca — 43.55°S, 66.27°WSalamanca — 45.81°S, 69.06°WSalamanca — 45.91°S, 69.21°W

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The named rock units Gymnospermae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. The read hit its cap, so each count is a floor. 1,231 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 4,219 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Found in the same rock

895 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records at least 881 sites for Gymnospermae, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

at least 1,083 references

Each of the 12,000 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. That read hit its cap, so each count is a floor. 1,071 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Gymnospermae

Credit
Unknown Unknown , Leipzig ; Berlin ; Wien : F.A. Brockhaus
Licence
Public Domain
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Gymnospermae was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itSpermatophytata through timeThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0.