Gnathorhiza

Gnathorhiza is an extinct genus of prehistoric lobe-finned fish (lungfish) which lived from the Carboniferous period to the Early Triassic epoch. It is the only known lungfish genus to have crossed the Permo-Triassic boundary. Several species have been described, ranging in size from 5 to 50 centimeters.

Gnathorhiza

DiBgd · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
GnathorhizidaePBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
lagoonal,marine,brackish,freshwaterPBDB, for Dipnoi

Time the record covers

At least 63 million years on record.

The record covers at least 314.6 Mya to 250.8 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 318.7 Mya to 247 Mya.

Carboniferous — about 3 of 37 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 29 of 37 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 5 of 37 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 0 of 37 occurrences320–318 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences318–315 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences315–313 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences305–303 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences303–300 Mya — about 1 occurrence300–298 Mya — about 2 occurrences298–295 Mya — about 2 occurrences295–293 Mya — about 2 occurrences293–290 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences290–288 Mya — about 1 occurrence288–285 Mya — about 1 occurrence285–283 Mya — about 2 occurrences283–280 Mya — about 4 occurrences280–278 Mya — about 4 occurrences278–275 Mya — about 4 occurrences275–273 Mya — about 2 occurrences268–265 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences265–263 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences263–260 Mya — about 1 occurrence260–258 Mya — about 1 occurrence258–256 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences253–251 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences251–248 Mya — about 3 occurrences248–246 Mya — about 1 occurrence314.6 Mya250.8 Mya320 Mya246 Mya

37 occurrences of Gnathorhiza on record, most of them in the Permian. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

37 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

15 formations

Vale — 33.70°N, 99.60°WVale — 33.78°N, 99.47°WVale — 32.13°N, 99.75°WEskridge — 40.15°N, 95.88°WWellington — 36.16°N, 97.34°WWellington — 36.35°N, 97.43°WWellington — 36.34°N, 97.33°WAbo — 35.77°N, 106.69°WAbo — 34.64°N, 107.18°WAbo — 34.30°N, 106.54°WHennessey — 34.19°N, 98.79°WHennessey — 35.17°N, 97.37°WLueders — 33.75°N, 99.15°WLueders — 33.75°N, 99.12°WGarber — 36.77°N, 97.77°WGarber — 36.66°N, 97.69°WRybinsk — 58.02°N, 39.04°EBlack Prince Limestone — 31.73°N, 109.57°WCharkabozh — 69.28°N, 49.93°EChoza — 33.82°N, 99.56°WBern Limestone — 39.82°N, 95.41°WCutler — 36.31°N, 106.35°WSangre de Cristo — 34.64°N, 107.18°WKutulukskaya — 53.31°N, 52.31°E

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The named rock units Gnathorhiza has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 5 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Gnathorhiza and its relatives

Permian

Where Gnathorhiza and its relatives were recorded in the Permian.

Found in the same rock

161 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 25 sites for Gnathorhiza, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

21 references

Each of the 37 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 9 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Gnathorhiza

Credit
DiBgd
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Gnathorhiza was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itGnathorhizidae through timeFormations of the PermianThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Cope 1883