Tetrarhynchia

Tetrarhynchia is an extinct genus of brachiopods found in Jurassic strata in Europe and South America. It was a stationary epifaunal suspension feeder.

Tetrarhynchia

Sowerby · CC BY 4.0 · via GBIF. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
TetrarhynchiinaePBDB
Diet
suspension feederPBDB, for Rhynchonellida
Life habit
epifaunalPBDB, for Rhynchonellida
Motility
stationaryPBDB, for Rhynchonellida
Vision
blindPBDB, for Rhynchonellata
Environment
marinePBDB, for Lophophorata

Time the record covers

At least 34 million years on record.

The record covers at least 199.5 Mya to 165.3 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 201.4 Mya to 161.5 Mya.

Late Triassic — about 0 of 241 occurrencesEarly Jurassic — about 240 of 241 occurrencesEarly JurassicMiddle Jurassic — about 1 of 241 occurrencesMiddle JurassicLate Jurassic — about 0 of 241 occurrences202–201 Mya — about 1.0 occurrences201–199 Mya — about 2 occurrences199–198 Mya — about 4 occurrences198–197 Mya — about 4 occurrences197–195 Mya — about 4 occurrences195–194 Mya — about 4 occurrences194–193 Mya — about 11 occurrences193–191 Mya — about 29 occurrences191–190 Mya — about 29 occurrences190–188 Mya — about 29 occurrences188–187 Mya — about 29 occurrences187–186 Mya — about 29 occurrences186–184 Mya — about 29 occurrences184–183 Mya — about 23 occurrences183–181 Mya — about 3 occurrences181–180 Mya — about 3 occurrences180–179 Mya — about 1 occurrence179–177 Mya — about 1 occurrence177–176 Mya — about 1 occurrence176–175 Mya — about 1 occurrence175–173 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences173–172 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences172–170 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences166–165 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences165–163 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences163–162 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences162–161 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences199.5 Mya165.3 Mya202.2 Mya160.7 Mya

241 occurrences of Tetrarhynchia on record, most of them in the Early Jurassic. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

241 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

33 formations

Rio Palomar — 41.29°N, 0.79°WNevian — 43.05°N, 2.78°ENevian — 43.19°N, 2.93°ENevian — 43.15°N, 2.90°ENevian — 43.16°N, 2.96°ENevian — 43.14°N, 2.95°ENevian — 42.96°N, 2.86°ENevian — 42.91°N, 2.79°ENevian — 42.92°N, 2.96°ENevian — 42.90°N, 2.61°EWhitby Mudstone — 54.45°N, 0.57°WCleveland Ironstone — 54.56°N, 1.15°WCleveland Ironstone — 54.45°N, 0.57°WEscales — 42.21°N, 1.55°EEscales — 42.29°N, 1.19°EEscales — 41.89°N, 0.88°EEscales — 42.28°N, 2.92°EEscales — 42.19°N, 1.24°EEscales — 42.03°N, 0.85°EBarre a Pecten — 43.05°N, 2.78°EBarre a Pecten — 42.90°N, 2.74°EBarre a Pecten — 42.89°N, 2.61°EFoix — 42.96°N, 1.64°EFoix — 43.02°N, 1.42°EFoix — 43.04°N, 1.34°ECape Stewart Beds — 70.44°N, 22.64°WCape Stewart Beds — 70.46°N, 22.71°WCape Stewart Beds — 70.47°N, 22.64°WCape Stewart — 70.45°N, 22.65°WCape Stewart — 70.44°N, 22.65°WCape Stewart — 70.47°N, 22.36°WScalpa Sandstone — 57.38°N, 6.00°WMarlstone Rock-bed — 52.02°N, 1.98°WMarlstone Rock-bed — 50.92°N, 2.91°WMarlstone Rock-bed — 50.95°N, 2.81°WAlmonacid de la Cuba — 41.29°N, 0.79°WCerro del Pez — 41.29°N, 0.79°WFontjoncouse — 43.05°N, 2.78°EFontjoncouse — 43.17°N, 2.96°ELautaro — 29.01°S, 70.20°WLautaro — 29.47°S, 70.16°WLautaro — 28.57°S, 69.91°WAberhan Pliensbach — 33.47°S, 70.75°WKendlbach — 47.00°N, 13.00°EKendlbach — 47.54°N, 11.69°EÁgua de Madeiros — 39.73°N, 9.04°WMontredon-des-Corbières — 43.41°N, 3.09°EMontredon-des-Corbières — 43.16°N, 2.96°EMarlstone Rock — 52.13°N, 1.45°WMarlstone Rock — 51.80°N, 1.88°WTurmiel Fm — 40.40°N, 1.50°WMarlstone Rock Bed — 53.50°N, 0.33°WBroccatello — 45.87°N, 8.93°EBaysun — 37.97°N, 66.73°E

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The named rock units Tetrarhynchia has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 9 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 93 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Tetrarhynchia and its relatives

Early Jurassic

Where Tetrarhynchia and its relatives were recorded in the Early Jurassic.

Found in the same rock

417 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 214 sites for Tetrarhynchia, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

36 references

Each of the 241 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 24 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Tetrarhynchia

Source
GBIF
Credit
Sowerby
Licence
CC BY 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Tetrarhynchia was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

Everything alive alongside itTetrarhynchiinae through timeFormations of the Early JurassicThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Buckman 1917