Spirolina

Spirolina is a genus of foraminifera in the family Peneroplidae.

Spirolina

Artis, Edmund Tyrell; Mantell, Gideon Algernon; Parkinson, James · Public Domain · via Wikidata/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
PeneroplidaePBDB
Diet
deposit feederPBDB, for Miliolina
Life habit
epifaunalPBDB, for Miliolina
Motility
stationaryPBDB, for Miliolina
Environment
hypersaline,marinePBDB, for Miliolina

Time the record covers

At least 84 million years on record.

The record covers at least 89.8 Mya to 5.333 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 93.9 Mya to 2.58 Mya.

Late Cretaceous — about 1 of 15 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 4 of 15 occurrencesPaleoceneEocene — about 4 of 15 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 3 of 15 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 1 of 15 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 2 of 15 occurrencesPleistocene — about 0 of 15 occurrences96–93 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences93–89 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences64–61 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences61–58 Mya — about 2 occurrences58–55 Mya — about 1 occurrence48–45 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences45–42 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences42–39 Mya — about 1 occurrence39–36 Mya — about 1.0 occurrences36–32 Mya — about 1 occurrence32–29 Mya — about 1 occurrence29–26 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences13–10 Mya — about 1 occurrence7.1–3.9 Mya — about 1 occurrence3.9–754 ka Mya — about 1.0 occurrences89.8 Mya5.333 Mya96 Mya754 ka

15 occurrences of Spirolina on record, most of them in the Paleocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group, and the chart stops with its fossils rather than at the present. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

15 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

5 formations

Calcareniti di Castelgomberto — 45.45°N, 11.58°EQom — 37.34°N, 44.94°EAl Jir — 30.94°N, 15.50°EAbu Roash — 30.06°N, 31.08°ETerminal Complex — 41.97°N, 2.17°E

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The named rock units Spirolina has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 8 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Spirolina and its relatives

Paleocene

Where Spirolina and its relatives were recorded in the Paleocene.

Found in the same rock

174 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 10 sites for Spirolina, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

11 references

Each of the 15 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Spirolina

Credit
Artis, Edmund Tyrell; Mantell, Gideon Algernon; Parkinson, James
Licence
Public Domain
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Spirolina was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itPeneroplidae through timeFormations of the PaleoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Lamarck 1804