Pinaceae

The Pinaceae, or pine family, is a large family of conifers, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, hemlocks, larches, pines, and spruces. The family is included in the order Pinales, formerly known as Coniferales. Pinaceae have distinctive cones with woody scales bearing typically two ovules, and are supported as monophyletic by both morphological trait and genetic analysis. They are the largest extant conifer family in species diversity, with between 220 and 250 species in 11 genera, and the second-largest in geographical range, found in most of the Northern Hemisphere, with the majority of the species in temperate climates, but ranging from subarctic to tropical. The family often forms the dominant component of boreal, coastal, and montane forests. One species, Pinus merkusii, grows just south of the equator in Southeast Asia. Major centres of diversity are found in the mountains of southwest China, Mexico, central Japan, and California.

Pinaceae

Marshmallow from Seattle, WA, USA · CC BY 2.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
PinalesPBDB
Diet
"photoautotroph"PBDB, for Streptophyta

Time the record covers

At least 306 million years on record.

The record covers at least 307 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 358.86 Mya to 0 Mya.

Devonian — about 0 of 1736 occurrencesCarboniferous — about 26 of 1736 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 43 of 1736 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 4 of 1736 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 6 of 1736 occurrencesLate Triassic — about 6 of 1736 occurrencesLate TriassicEarly Jurassic — about 9 of 1736 occurrencesMiddle Jurassic — about 8 of 1736 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 15 of 1736 occurrencesEarly Cretaceous — about 48 of 1736 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 57 of 1736 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 55 of 1736 occurrencesEocene — about 210 of 1736 occurrencesOligocene — about 127 of 1736 occurrencesMiocene — about 471 of 1736 occurrencesPliocene — about 119 of 1736 occurrencesPleistocene — about 483 of 1736 occurrences366–354 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences354–342 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences342–329 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences329–317 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences317–305 Mya — about 20 occurrences305–293 Mya — about 7 occurrences293–281 Mya — about 7 occurrences281–268 Mya — about 6 occurrences268–256 Mya — about 15 occurrences256–244 Mya — about 18 occurrences244–232 Mya — about 5 occurrences232–220 Mya — about 2 occurrences220–207 Mya — about 2 occurrences207–195 Mya — about 5 occurrences195–183 Mya — about 4 occurrences183–171 Mya — about 3 occurrences171–159 Mya — about 8 occurrences159–146 Mya — about 9 occurrences146–134 Mya — about 9 occurrences134–122 Mya — about 13 occurrences122–110 Mya — about 21 occurrences110–98 Mya — about 12 occurrences98–85 Mya — about 7 occurrences85–73 Mya — about 13 occurrences73–61 Mya — about 79 occurrences61–49 Mya — about 72 occurrences49–37 Mya — about 103 occurrences37–24 Mya — about 148 occurrences24–12 Mya — about 322 occurrences12–0 Mya — about 825 occurrences307 Mya11.7 ka366 Mya0 Mya

1,736 occurrences of Pinaceae on record, most of them in the Pleistocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

1,736 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

173 formations

Chloropagus — 39.58°N, 119.37°WChloropagus — 39.58°N, 119.35°WChloropagus — 39.79°N, 118.94°WFort Union — 45.00°N, 109.00°WFort Union — 46.35°N, 103.87°WFort Union — 46.02°N, 103.76°WYaw — 23.25°N, 94.25°EYaw — 23.23°N, 94.25°EHell Creek — 46.29°N, 103.95°WHell Creek — 46.02°N, 103.76°WMiddlegate — 39.25°N, 117.88°WTurtel Mountain — 49.06°N, 100.56°WLost Branch — 37.19°N, 95.42°WLost Branch — 37.83°N, 94.98°WBeaverdam — 42.24°N, 114.08°WChallis Volcanics — 44.37°N, 114.24°WFlorissant — 38.92°N, 105.25°WZechstein Limestone — 51.50°N, 6.53°EZechstein Limestone — 50.50°N, 6.53°EZechstein Limestone — 51.55°N, 6.60°EAllenby — 49.45°N, 120.57°WAllenby — 49.22°N, 119.96°WBuffalo Canyon — 39.20°N, 117.78°WAldrich Station — 38.49°N, 118.90°WSalmon City — 45.18°N, 113.88°WMula — 29.10°N, 100.67°EAluginskaya — 60.42°N, 165.92°EItahana — 36.25°N, 138.50°EItahana — 36.50°N, 139.00°EItahana — 36.25°N, 139.00°EGreen River — 39.78°N, 107.87°WGreen River — 39.00°N, 110.00°WGreen River — 41.10°N, 109.30°WGreen River — 41.84°N, 110.70°WCoal Valley — 39.52°N, 119.99°WCoal Valley — 39.31°N, 119.65°WCalvert — 38.16°N, 76.83°WCalvert — 38.67°N, 76.70°WSanying — 26.42°N, 99.40°ESanying — 26.02°N, 100.00°ESanying — 26.57°N, 100.13°EBuchanan Lake — 79.92°N, 88.97°WXiaolongtan — 25.42°N, 102.85°EXiaolongtan — 25.49°N, 103.02°E

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The named rock units Pinaceae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 149 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 1,115 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Pinaceae and its relatives

Pleistocene

Where Pinaceae and its relatives were recorded in the Pleistocene.

Found in the same rock

2,900 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 771 sites for Pinaceae, and this reads 240 of them. Of that, one read hit the database's own return limit, so every count below is a floor rather than a total. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

235 references

Each of the 1,736 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 223 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Pinaceae

Credit
Marshmallow from Seattle, WA, USA
Licence
CC BY 2.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Pinaceae was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itPinales through timeFormations of the PleistoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Rudolphi 1830