Penares

Penares is a widely distributed genus of demosponges, and was first described in 1867 by John Edward Gray.

Penares

Dickinson, Malcolm Gibson 1945. Sponges of the Gulf of California. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions ; v. 11, no. 1.… · CC BY 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
StellettinaePBDB
Diet
suspension feederPBDB, for Demospongiae
Life habit
intermediate-level epifaunalPBDB, for Demospongiae
Motility
stationary, attachedPBDB, for Demospongiae
Vision
blindPBDB, for Porifera

Time the record covers

At most 14 million years on record.

Every occurrence read is dated to somewhere between 66 Mya and 52 Mya, and nothing in the dating separates them, so that window is what the record shows rather than a span.

Late Cretaceous — about 0 of 3 occurrencesPaleocene — about 2 of 3 occurrencesPaleoceneEocene — about 1 of 3 occurrencesEocene66–66 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences66–65 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences65–65 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences65–64 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences64–64 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences64–63 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences63–63 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences63–62 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences62–62 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences62–61 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences61–61 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences61–60 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences60–60 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences60–59 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences59–59 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences59–58 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences58–58 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences58–57 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences57–57 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences57–56 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences56–56 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences56–55 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences55–55 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences55–54 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences54–54 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences54–53 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences53–53 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences53–52 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences66.5 Mya51.5 Mya

3 occurrences of Penares on record, most of them in the Paleocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group, and the chart stops with its fossils rather than at the present. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

3 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

1 formation

Tutuiri Greensand — 43.75°S, 176.68°W

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Penares has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed.

Penares and its relatives

Paleocene

Where Penares and its relatives were recorded in the Paleocene.

Found in the same rock

21 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 1 site for Penares, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

1 reference

Each of the 3 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Each entry links to doi.org. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Penares

Credit
Dickinson, Malcolm Gibson 1945. Sponges of the Gulf of California. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions ; v. 11, no. 1.…
Licence
CC BY 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Penares was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itStellettinae through timeFormations of the PaleoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Gray 1867