Holonematidae

Holonematidae is an extinct family of relatively large arthrodire placoderms from the Early to Late Devonian. Almost all fossil specimens are of armor fragments, though, all have distinctive ornamentation, often of unique arrangements and patterns of tubercles, that are diagnostic of the family. The trunkshield is very elongated, giving the armor an overall "barrel" like appearance.

Holonematidae

Apokryltaros · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
PhlyctaeniiformesPBDB
Diet
carnivorePBDB, for Arthrodira
Life habit
nektonicPBDB, for Arthrodira
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Arthrodira

Time the record covers

At least 21 million years on record.

The record covers at least 393.47 Mya to 372.15 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 419.62 Mya to 358.86 Mya.

Silurian — about 0 of 34 occurrencesDevonian — about 34 of 34 occurrencesDevonianCarboniferous — about 0 of 34 occurrences421–419 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences419–417 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences417–415 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences415–412 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences412–410 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences410–408 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences408–406 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences406–404 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences404–402 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences402–400 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences400–398 Mya — about 1.0 occurrences398–396 Mya — about 1 occurrence396–393 Mya — about 1 occurrence393–391 Mya — about 1 occurrence391–389 Mya — about 1 occurrence389–387 Mya — about 3 occurrences387–385 Mya — about 5 occurrences385–383 Mya — about 2 occurrences383–381 Mya — about 3 occurrences381–379 Mya — about 3 occurrences379–377 Mya — about 3 occurrences377–374 Mya — about 2 occurrences374–372 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences372–370 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences370–368 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences368–366 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences366–364 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences364–362 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences362–360 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences360–358 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences393.47 Mya372.15 Mya421 Mya358 Mya

34 occurrences of Holonematidae on record, most of them in the Devonian. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

34 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

22 formations

Chemung — 41.68°N, 76.71°WNarva — 59.38°N, 28.19°EAruküla — 57.55°N, 25.28°ERockport Quarry Limestone — 45.20°N, 83.39°WOdenspiel — 50.94°N, 7.73°ECatskill — 41.81°N, 77.78°WAruküla — 59.37°N, 25.08°EBurtnieki — 58.10°N, 25.55°EBahram — 30.76°N, 57.03°EGneudna — 24.06°S, 115.21°EMartin — 35.25°N, 111.61°WGenshaw — 45.19°N, 83.48°WNewton Creek Limestone — 45.37°N, 84.22°WPickwell Down Sandstone — 51.17°N, 4.21°WWahnbach Shale — 50.95°N, 7.30°ERimmert — 51.22°N, 7.91°EJiucheng — 25.54°N, 102.43°EHollands Creek Rhyodacite — 36.76°S, 146.07°EKush Yeilagh — 36.85°N, 55.35°ETaemas — 35.04°S, 148.82°ECavan Bluff Limestone — 35.01°S, 148.86°EGogo — 18.16°S, 124.30°E

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Holonematidae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 7 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Holonematidae and its relatives

Devonian

Where Holonematidae and its relatives were recorded in the Devonian.

Found in the same rock

224 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 28 sites for Holonematidae, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

18 references

Each of the 34 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 6 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Holonematidae

Credit
Apokryltaros
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Holonematidae was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itPhlyctaeniiformes through timeFormations of the DevonianThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Obruchev 1932