Callaeas cinereus
The South Island kōkako is a forest bird endemic to the South Island and Stewart Island of New Zealand. Unlike its close relative, the North Island kōkako, it has largely orange wattles, with only a small patch of blue at the base, and was also known as the orange-wattled crow. The last accepted sighting in 2007 was the first considered genuine since 1967, although there have been several other unauthenticated reports -.
By J. G. Keulemans , in W.L. Buller's A History of the Birds of New Zealand . 2nd edition. Published 1888. · Public Domain · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.
On record
Recorded, not inferred- Also called
- South Island kokakoPBDB
- Sits inside
- CallaeasPBDB
- Diet
- carnivorePBDB, for Coelurosauria
- Life habit
- ground dwelling, solitaryPBDB, for Theropoda
- Motility
- actively mobilePBDB, for Theropoda
- Environment
- terrestrialPBDB, for Theropoda
Time the record covers
At most 129 thousand years on record.
Every occurrence read is dated to somewhere between 129 ka and 0 Mya, and nothing in the dating separates them, so that window is what the record shows rather than a span.
13 occurrences of Callaeas cinereus on record, most of them in the Holocene. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.
When
13 occurrences- Pleistocene15%
- Holocene85%
These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.
Found in
1 formation
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The named rock units Callaeas cinereus has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 11 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.
Callaeas cinereus and its relatives
HoloceneWhere Callaeas cinereus and its relatives were recorded in the Holocene.
Found in the same rock
151 taxa- Coturnix novaezelandiae11 sites
- Cyanoramphus11 sites
- Gallirallus australis9 sites
- Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae9 sites
- Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae9 sites
- Turnagra capensis9 sites
- Chenonetta finschi7 sites
- Coenocorypha aucklandica7 sites
- Petroica australis7 sites
- Anas chlorotis6 sites
- Anthornis melanura6 sites
- Apteryx australis6 sites
- Pachyornis elephantopus6 sites
- Philesturnus carunculatus6 sites
- Rattus exulans6 sites
- Sphenodon6 sites
- Aegotheles novaezealandiae5 sites
- Corvus moriorum5 sites
- Emeus crassus5 sites
- Falco novaeseelandiae5 sites
- Gallinula hodgenorum5 sites
- Harpagornis moorei5 sites
- Hoplodactylus maculatus5 sites
- Mohoua ochrocephala5 sites
The Paleobiology Database records 13 sites for Callaeas cinereus, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.
This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.
Entered from
3 references- Quaternary fossil fauna of South Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand9
- Late-Pleistocene avifaunas from Cape Wanbrow, Otago, South Island, New Zealand2
- A remarkable fossil and archaeological avifauna from Marfells Beach, Lake Grassmere, South Island, New Zealand2
Each of the 13 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.
Media and terms
Media content1
Picture of Callaeas cinereus
- Source
- Wikipedia/Commons
- Credit
- By J. G. Keulemans , in W.L. Buller's A History of the Birds of New Zealand . 2nd edition. Published 1888.
- Licence
- Public Domain
- Commercial use
- the licence allows it
No 3D scan of Callaeas cinereus was found in Sketchfab.
Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.
The description on this site
- Licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.
Keep going
What may have been alongside itCallaeas through timeFormations of the HoloceneThe world it lived on
Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Gmelin 1789)