Apocynaceae

Apocynaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison. Notable members of the family include oleander, dogbanes, milkweeds, wax plants and periwinkles. The family is native to the European, Asian, African, Australian, and American tropics or subtropics, with some temperate members as well. The former family Asclepiadaceae is considered a subfamily of Apocynaceae and contains 348 genera. A list of Apocynaceae genera may be found here.

Apocynaceae

Stan Shebs · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
dogbanePBDB
Sits inside
GentianalesPBDB
Diet
"photoautotroph"PBDB, for Angiospermae

Time the record covers

At least 65 million years on record.

The record covers at least 66 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 100.5 Mya to 0 Mya.

Early Cretaceous — about 0 of 161 occurrencesLate Cretaceous — about 5 of 161 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 54 of 161 occurrencesPaleoceneEocene — about 56 of 161 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 11 of 161 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 21 of 161 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 4 of 161 occurrencesPleistocene — about 10 of 161 occurrences103–99 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences99–96 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences96–92 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences92–89 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences89–85 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences85–82 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences82–79 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences79–75 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences75–72 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences72–68 Mya — about 2 occurrences68–65 Mya — about 8 occurrences65–62 Mya — about 20 occurrences62–58 Mya — about 17 occurrences58–55 Mya — about 16 occurrences55–51 Mya — about 15 occurrences51–48 Mya — about 6 occurrences48–44 Mya — about 4 occurrences44–41 Mya — about 4 occurrences41–38 Mya — about 5 occurrences38–34 Mya — about 14 occurrences34–31 Mya — about 5 occurrences31–27 Mya — about 4 occurrences27–24 Mya — about 3 occurrences24–21 Mya — about 3 occurrences21–17 Mya — about 3 occurrences17–14 Mya — about 5 occurrences14–10 Mya — about 6 occurrences10–6.8 Mya — about 3 occurrences6.8–3.4 Mya — about 4 occurrences3.4–0 Mya — about 12 occurrences66 Mya11.7 ka103 Mya0 Mya

161 occurrences of Apocynaceae on record, most of them in the Eocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

161 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

37 formations

Sohnari — 25.73°N, 68.07°ESohnari — 25.75°N, 68.25°ESohnari — 25.12°N, 68.12°ESohnari — 25.25°N, 68.33°ESohnari — 25.17°N, 68.50°EYaw — 23.25°N, 94.25°EYaw — 23.23°N, 94.25°EWasatch — 41.91°N, 109.00°WWasatch — 41.69°N, 108.20°WWasatch — 41.93°N, 107.99°WLefipán — 42.67°S, 69.83°WBara — 24.80°N, 67.97°ESan Fernando — 4.90°N, 73.02°WLower Churia — 27.71°N, 82.53°ELa Colonia — 43.01°S, 67.62°WLa Colonia — 42.50°S, 66.50°WLa Colonia — 43.10°S, 67.75°WLa Colonia — 42.97°S, 67.54°WLakhra — 25.73°N, 68.07°ELakhra — 25.75°N, 68.25°ELakhra — 25.25°N, 68.33°EWillwood — 44.18°N, 108.59°WKoobi Fora — 3.85°N, 36.33°EKoobi Fora — 4.06°N, 36.33°ENgorora — 0.88°N, 35.80°EMirador — 7.70°N, 72.62°WRaton — 37.40°N, 104.65°WRaton — 37.15°N, 104.62°WRaton — 37.15°N, 104.73°WCerrejón — 11.13°N, 72.57°WCerrejón — 11.09°N, 72.69°WArcillas de el Limbo — 4.90°N, 73.02°WAreniscas de el Limbo — 4.90°N, 73.02°WBagshot — 50.72°N, 2.00°WElandsfontyn — 33.97°S, 18.12°EOlduvai — 2.99°S, 35.35°ELa Paz — 7.33°N, 73.33°WCerro Pelado — 10.00°N, 71.00°WReading — 51.73°N, 0.00°EArgiles d'lignite du Soissonnais — 49.33°N, 2.66°E

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The named rock units Apocynaceae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 13 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 41 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Apocynaceae and its relatives

Eocene

Where Apocynaceae and its relatives were recorded in the Eocene.

Found in the same rock

1,943 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 131 sites for Apocynaceae, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

44 references

Each of the 161 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 32 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Apocynaceae

Credit
Stan Shebs
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Apocynaceae was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itGentianales through timeFormations of the EoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. de Jussieu 1789